Social Security of Citizens in the Manifesto of the Christian Democratic Union and the Christian Social Union for the 2017 Parliamentary Election in Germany

This article aims to analyze the common manifesto of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany and the Christian-Social Union in Bavaria regarding social security, with regard to the elections to the German parliament in 2017. The basic assumption was to verify whether the CDU/CSU grouping referred to each of the elements of social security, i.e. social security system, welfare security, community security and developmental security, in its 2017 election manifesto. The method used to complete the study was content analysis. The study shows that the CDU/CSU Union in its common manifesto of 2017 – Für ein Deutschland, in dem wir gut und gerne leben. Regierungsprogramm 2017–2021, raised issues related to building the social security of citizens. The proposals that were included in the program allow us to conclude that the CDU/CSU proposed a program that develops each of the pillars of social security in part, but which is still lacking in some ways. It should be noted that the issue of culture has been somewhat overlooked, which undoubtedly has a huge impact on the development of social capital and human capital, despite its enormous impact on two of the pillars, community and development. Other areas and proposals aimed at their development manage to fill this gap. It should also be pointed out that in the electoral proposals included in the manifesto, the most developed pillar was related to social security, implemented as part of the social policy of the state

The role of commercial banks in enterprise restructuring in Central and Eastern Europe

Many countries in Eastern Europe assigned banks the responsibility for restructuring enterprises. Such restructuring had five components: 1) triage of enterprises into three classes -- viable, viable with debt relief, and nonviable; 2) work with management of overindebted firms on a restructuring plan before granting debt relief; 3) trigger the bankruptcy liquidation process on nonviable firms; 4) fund new investments needed as part of physical restructuring; and 5) provide corporate governance through representation on boards of directors. The initial information is that banks are performing these roles only to a limited degree. Signals are mixed on how vigorously governments want banks to pursue bankruptcy proceedings. With little opportunity to recover funds, banks are accepting even dubious restructuring programs from enterprises. But banks, except under government directive, are avoiding making new loans to loss-making enterprises. Together with a cut in fiscal subsidies, this is imposing a harder budget constraint on the enterprises. Non-viable enterprises seem more likely to starve to death than to die through execution. Corporate restructuring is not a normal part of commercial banking. To ask banks to restructure weak enterprises is to direct their attention away from what should be their core business: lending to strong enterprises. In fact, banks are under attack for being excessively conservative. Enterprise restructuring is taking place in Central and Eastern Europe driven by the disintegration of regional trade relations, sharply higher input prices, falling domestic demand, inflation, and other economic dislocations in combination with the harder budget constraint. Thus far the restructuring has been more downsizing than making new investments.Financial Crisis Management&Restructuring,Banks&Banking Reform,Payment Systems&Infrastructure,Municipal Financial Management,Financial Intermediation,Financial Intermediation,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Financial Crisis Management&Restructuring,Municipal Financial Management

Theories of Public Goods and Sustainable Development in the Philosophical Thought of John Locke

Humansare not able to change their nature other than through their own actions and with the participation of others. The full development of personal life can therefore only be achieved in society. Managing the available resources, through his activity, man delineates the boundaries between the private, the individual, and the public spheres. The decisive factor in the right to private property is the individual’s own work. In economic theory, public goods are a manifestation of market failure, as market mechanisms for regulating supply and demand do not apply to the market for the quantity of goods supplied to the market. The theory of public goods is therefore primarily the subject of economic research and analysis, and the idea of the common good is the domain of philosophical reflection, especially of political philosophy. Considering the dynamic progress of civilization and the associated process of exploiting the natural environment in human economic activity, the policy of proper use of natural resources, taking into account the respect for the common good of the general public, is increasingly important. The answer to the challenges of the present day is the theory of sustainable development developed, in particular, in the green economy. It is considered to be a socio‑philosophical idea, the direction of economic development, as well as the direction of scientific research, and it comprehensively deals with the problem of the long‑term ability of the modern economy to develop upon the criterion of intergenerational justice. The article addresses issues of public goods theory and sustainable development in the context of Locke’s philosophical thought. The emancipation of Locke’s philosophical achievements manifests itself not only in the sphere of political philosophy, but also in the socio‑economic context, forming the skeleton of modern democratic states. Locke’s reflections, especially in the Two Treaties on Government, are an endorsement of individualism, economic freedom and economic liberalism, as well as the idea of a natural environment in the context of economic human activity. The practical realization of the common good in social, political and economic life suffers many difficulties in the conditions of the globalized world. Hence, interdisciplinary and deeper reflection on the real good perceived both by the individual and by the community is necessary. It also seems reasonable to discuss the ways of perceiving the common good and the public interest of present and future generations.The “Annales. Ethics in Economic Life” is affiliated and co-financed by the Faculty of Economics and Sociology of the University of Lodz

Informacja patentowa w Bibliotece

Relacja ze spotkania grupy PolBit zorganizowanego przez Bibliotekę Politechniki Łódzkiej i Ośrodek Informacji Patentowej przy współudziale Urzędu Patentowego RP i Europejskiego Urzędu Patentowego w dniach 24-25 marca 2015r. Spotkanie odbyło się pod hasłem "Ochrona własności intelektualnej -informacja patentowa. Usługi oferowane przez centra PATLIB"

Zostań wynalazcą.

Kto ma pomysł na wynalazek i chce sprawdzić co nowego opatentowano w danej dziedzinie powinien przyjść do Ośrodka Informacji Patentowej (OIP) przy Bibliotece Politechniki Łódzkiej. Działalność OIP adresowana jest do szerokiego kręgu osób zainteresowanych informacją patentową i zagadnieniami szeroko pojętej dziedziny własności intelektualnej. Należą do tych osób studenci i pracownicy Politechniki Łódzkiej, rzecznicy patentowi, wynalazcy oraz twórcy

Studenci akademii medycznych wobec wybranych zagadnień kultury fizycznej

Studies conducted in 1988-1996 among students of five medical academies in Poland had the purpose of determining the preparation of future medical personnel for active participation in physical recreation and also for utilisation of physical culture means in the performance of their future professional tasks. Questionnaires and knowledge tests were distributed to 2248 students of Medical Departments and Nursing Departments. The results of the studies clearly show that future doctors and nurses are inadequately prepared to use various forms of physical exercises in medical care over healthy, sick and handicapped persons (promotion of health, therapy and rehabilitation). There are also reservations about the level of the personal physical culture of the students surveyed. The findings suggest that it is necessary to modify the teaching-educational process in medical academies. A change is also necessary in the current manner of completion of required physical education classes and also accenting knowledge and useful skills from the area of physical culture in teaching medical subjects.Badania prowadzone w latach 1988-1996 wśród studentów pięciu akademii medycznych w Polsce miały na celu określenie przygotowania przyszłych kadr medycznych do aktywnego uczestnictwa w rekreacji fizycznej, a także do korzystania z różnych form kultury fizycznej w wypełnianiu przyszłych zadań zawodowych. Badaniom ankietowym i sprawdzianowi wiedzy poddano 2248 studentów wydziałów lekarskich oraz wydziału pielęgniarskiego. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań jednoznacznie wskazują na niedostatek przygotowania przyszłych lekarzy i magistrów pielęgniarstwa do stosowania rozmaitych form ćwiczeń fizycznych w opiece medycznej sprawowanej nad osobami zdrowymi, chorymi i niepełnosprawnymi (promocja zdrowia, terapia i rehabilitacja). Zastrzeżenia budzi także poziom osobistej kultury fizycznej ankietowanych studentów. Wyniki badań sugerują konieczność modyfikacji procesu dydaktyczno-wychowawczego w akademiach medycznych. Konieczna jest zmiana dotychczasowego sposobu realizacji obowiązkowych zajęć wychowania fizycznego, a także akcentowanie przydatności wiedzy i umiejętności z obszaru kultury fizycznej w dydaktyce przedmiotów medycznych