Inertial vs. mindful repetition of previous entry mode choices: do firms always learn from experience?

Experience, meant as the repetition of the same action, is considered a predictor of the entry mode choice in foreign markets because it allows reducing uncertainty. However, repetition does not necessarily increase the expected performance, depending on the learning stemming from previous experiences. Focusing on offshoring decisions, namely the choice between captive and outsourcing entry mode, we distinguish between the inertial repetition of routines vs. the mindful repetition of previous entry modes (where the company distinguishes and internalizes the outcomes of the past offshoring initiatives associated to the entry choices). We claim that: (i) the latter leads to higher growth perspectives for the focal offshoring initiative, and; (ii) learning is higher when repetition concerns captive entry modes. Our empirical analysis, run on 410 companies’ offshoring decisions undertaken from 2006 to 2011, confirms our expectation

The reshoring of business services: reaction to failure or persistent strategy?

This paper investigates whether reshoring of business services is the result of company response to performance shortcomings of the initiative offshored or instead is motivated by persisting with original offshoring strategy (disintegration advantages, accessing new markets and cost-saving), regardless of offshoring performance. Our empirical analysis, based on data from the Offshoring Research Network, shows that both arguments hold. Moreover, when offshoring had been motivated by accessing to new markets and its performance is unsatisfactory, companies are likely to relocate. However, unsatisfactory performance of activities offshored for efficiency reasons or search of talent, do not necessarily lead companies to relocate elsewhere

Heme oxygenase 1 improves glucoses metabolism and kidney histological alterations in diabetic rats

One important concern in the treatment of diabetes is the maintenance of glycemic levels and the prevention of diabetic nephropathy. Inducible heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is a rate-limiting enzyme thought to have antioxidant and cytoprotective roles. the goal of the present study was to analyze the effect of HO-1 induction in chronically hyperglycemic rats. the hyperglycemic rats were divided into two groups: one group, called STZ, was given a single injection of streptozotocin; and the other group was given a single streptozotocin injection as well as daily injections of hemin, an HO-1 inducer, over 60 days (STZ + HEME). A group of normoglycemic, untreated rats was used as the control (CTL).Body weight, diuresis, serum glucose levels, microalbuminuria, creatinine clearance rate, urea levels, sodium excretion, and lipid peroxidation were analyzed. Histological alterations and immunohistochemistry for HO-1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were assessed. After 60 days, the STZ group exhibited an increase in blood glucose, diuresis, urea, microalbuminuria, and sodium excretion. There was no weight gain, and there was a decrease in creatinine clearance in comparison to the CTL group. in the STZ + HEME group there was an improvement in the metabolic parameters and kidney function, a decrease in blood glucose, serum urea, and microalbuminuria, and an increase of creatinine clearance, in comparison to the STZ group.There was glomerulosclerosis, collagen deposition in the STZ rats and increase in iNOS and HO-1 expression. in the STZ + HEME group, the glomerulosclerosis and fibrosis was prevented and there was an increase in the expression of HO-1, but decrease in iNOS expression and lipid peroxidation. in conclusion, our data suggest that chronic induction of HO-1 reduces hyperglycemia, improves glucose metabolism and, at least in part, protects the renal tissue from hyperglycemic injury, possibly through the antioxidant activity of HO-1.Universidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP, Div Nephrol, Dept Med, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP, Morphol Dept, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP, Div Nephrol, Dept Med, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP, Morphol Dept, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Surface Roughness and Effective Stick-Slip Motion

The effect of random surface roughness on hydrodynamics of viscous incompressible liquid is discussed. Roughness-driven contributions to hydrodynamic flows, energy dissipation, and friction force are calculated in a wide range of parameters. When the hydrodynamic decay length (the viscous wave penetration depth) is larger than the size of random surface inhomogeneities, it is possible to replace a random rough surface by effective stick-slip boundary conditions on a flat surface with two constants: the stick-slip length and the renormalization of viscosity near the boundary. The stick-slip length and the renormalization coefficient are expressed explicitly via the correlation function of random surface inhomogeneities. The effective stick-slip length is always negative signifying the effective slow-down of the hydrodynamic flows by the rough surface (stick rather than slip motion). A simple hydrodynamic model is presented as an illustration of these general hydrodynamic results. The effective boundary parameters are analyzed numerically for Gaussian, power-law and exponentially decaying correlators with various indices. The maximum on the frequency dependence of the dissipation allows one to extract the correlation radius (characteristic size) of the surface inhomogeneities directly from, for example, experiments with torsional quartz oscillators.Comment: RevTeX4, 14 pages, 3 figure

El papel del banco de propágulos en el restablecimiento de macrófitos después de la gestión para la recuperación de un lago somero en el sur de Brasil

En los lagos someros subtropicales eutróficos, los macrófitos que flotan libremente pueden ocupar toda la superficie del agua. Eliminar esta vegetación favorece la recolonización de macrófitos sumergidos del banco de propágulos. Nuestro estudio presenta la respuesta del banco de propágulos de un lago somero subtropical después del manejo para reducir su hipertrofia. En marzo de 2016 tomamos muestras del sedimento del lago en 15 puntos a lo largo de tres transectas para investigar la riqueza y la densidad del banco de propágulos por emergencia en el laboratorio. Además, durante siete meses monitoreamos las condiciones de agua trófica y la restauración de la vegetación en el campo. En el laboratorio emergieron 1382 plántulas de ocho especies. Stuckenia pectinata y Chara zeylanica dominaron el banco de propágulos. En el campo identificamos las especies S. pectinata, C. zeylanica y Ludwigia peploides. El banco de propágulos fue homogéneo, sin diferencia (P>0.05) entre las regiones del lago y las transectas. La similitud de Sørensen fue del 54% entre el campo y el laboratorio. Cuando los macrófitos sumergidos crecieron en el campo, se redujo la clorofila-a, el agua permaneció clara y el índice de estado trófico se redujo de hipereutrófico a eutrófico. Concluimos que el banco de propágulos en lagos someros es esencial para el rápido restablecimiento de macrófitos sumergidos después de las estrategias de recuperación, ayudando a mejorar la calidad del agua.At eutrophic shallow subtropical lakes, free-floating macrophytes can occupy the entire water surface. The removal of this vegetation favors the recolonization of submerged macrophytes from the propagule bank. Our study presents the response of the propagule bank of a shallow subtropical lake after management to reduce its hypertrophy. We sampled lake sediment in March 2016 at 15 points along three transects to investigate the richness and density of the propagule bank by emergence in the laboratory. We monitored water trophic conditions and restoration of vegetation in the field for 7 months. In the laboratory, 1382 seedlings of eight species emerged. Stuckenia pectinata and Chara zeylanica dominated the propagule bank. We identified the species S. pectinata, C. zeylanica and Ludwigia peploides in the field. The propagule bank was homogeneous, without difference (P>0.05) between lake regions and transects. Sørensen’s similarity was 36% between the field and laboratory. When the submerged macrophytes grew in the field, there was a reduction of chlorophyll-a, the water remained clear, and the trophic state index was reduced from hypereutrophic to eutrophic. We concluded that the bank of propagules in shallow lakes is essential for the rapid reestablishment of submerged macrophytes after recovery strategies. These organisms help improve water qualityFil: Duarte, Taiane H. G.. Federal University of Rio Grande - Biological Science Institute, Limnology Laboratory - Rio Grande, Brasil - (FURG)Fil: Almeida, Thaís S.. Federal University of Rio Grande - Biological Science Institute, Limnology Laboratory - Rio Grande, Brasil - (FURG)Fil: Albertoni, Edélti Faria. Federal University of Rio Grande - Biological Science Institute, Limnology Laboratory - Rio Grande, Brasil - (FURG)Fil: Palma Silva, Cleber. Federal University of Rio Grande - Biological Science Institute, Limnology Laboratory - Rio Grande, Brasil - (FURG

Burnout em contexto prisional : contributos para a elaboração de um plano de intervenção

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

[18F]FDG PET/MRI in rectal cancer

We conducted a systematic literature review on the use of [18F]FDG PET/MRI for staging/restaging rectal cancer patients with PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, based on the PRISMA criteria. Three authors screened all titles and abstracts and examined the full texts of all the identified\ua0relevant articles. Studies containing aggregated or duplicated data, review articles, case reports, editorials, and letters were excluded. Ten reports met the inclusion criteria. Four studies examined T staging and one focused on local recurrences after surgery; the reported sensitivity (94\u2013100%), specificity (73\u201394%), and accuracy (92\u2013100%) varied only slightly from one study to another. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of [18F]FDG PET/MRI for N staging were 90\u201393%, 92\u201394%, and 42\u201392%. [18F]FDG PET/MRI detected malignant nodes better than MRI, resulting in treatment change. For M staging, [18F]FDG PET/MRI outperformed [18F]FDG PET/CT and CT in detecting liver metastases, whereas it performed worse for lung metastases. The results of this review suggest that [18F]FDG PET/MRI should be used for rectal cancer restaging after chemoradiotherapy and to select patients for rectum-sparing approaches thanks to its accuracy in T and N staging. For M staging, it should be associated at least with a chest CT scan to rule out lung metastases

Aquaporin-2 Promoter Is Synergistically Regulated by Nitric Oxide and Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells

www.karger.com/nne This is an Open Access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License (www.karger.com/OA-license), applicable to the online version of the article only. Distribution for non-commercial purposes only

Colonic phenotype of the ileum in Crohn's disease: A prospective study before and after ileocolonic resection

Background: Colonic metaplasia has been described in pouchitis. In a prospective study, we investigated whether colonic phenotype may develop in Crohn's disease (CD) ileum. The expression of sulfomucins (colonic mucin), sialomucins, and CD10 (small intestine mucin and phenotype) was evaluated before and after ileocolonic resection for CD. Methods: From February 2007 to March 2010, 22 patients with CD undergoing surgery were enrolled. Clinical (Crohn's Disease Activity Index >150) and endoscopic recurrence (Rutgeerts score ≥1) rates were assessed at 6 and 12 months. Ileal samples were taken at surgery (T0), at 6 (T1), and 12 months (T2) for histology, histochemistry (High Iron Diamine-Alcian Blue), and immunohistochemistry (anti-CD10). Results: In 22 patients, recurrence was assessed at 6 and 12 months (clinical recurrence 9% and 18%; endoscopic recurrence 73% and 77%). In all 22 patients, ileal samples were taken at 6 and 12 months (involved area in patients with recurrence). In 19 of 22 (86.3%) patients, the involved ileum was also studied at surgery. At T0, T1, and T2, the expression of sialomucins and CD10 (small intestine mucin and phenotype) was comparable and higher (P < 0.0001) than the expression of sulfomucins (colonic mucin) (mean [range], T0:82 [35-100] versus 75 [0-100] versus 16 [0-50]; T1:96 [60-100] versus 94.7 [50-100] versus 3.89 [0-40]; T2:93.3 [60-100] versus 88.1 [25-100] versus 6.6 [0-40]). The expression of small-intestine mucin and phenotype was higher at T1 (P = 0.025) versus T0 (P = 0.026). Differently, the expression of colonic mucin was lower at T1 versus T0 (P = 0.027). Conclusions: In CD, the ileum involved by severe/established lesions develops a "metaplastic" colonic mucosa phenotype. Differently, CD ileum with no lesions or with early recurrence maintains the "native" small intestine type mucin secretion and phenotype