Effect of harmones on callus induction in Maize (Zea mays L.)

Callus induction from explants is a critical process in regeneration, micropropagation and transformation of maize (Zea mays L.) plants. Formation of callus from plant tissues on culture is affected by several factors. This study revealed to establish the effect of genotype, source of explants and auxin concentration on callus induction from five genotypes UMI 757 (G1), UMI 615 (G2), UMI 112 (G3), UMI 285 (G4) and CO 1 (G5) and one hybrid CO H (M) 5 (G6). Callus induction of the six maize varieties was investigated using immature embryos (E1), leaf bits (E2), root tips (E3), hypocotyls (E4) and seeds (E5) as explants with different concentrations of hormones. In this study, immature embryo was taken from 10 to 12 days after pollination (DAP) to get maximum response. The highest percentage of callus induction was observed (99.10) in immature embryo culture and seed culture gave the highest percentage of rhizogenic callus formation when compare to immature embryo. Among the genotypes tested, CO H (M) 5 recorded the highest callus induction percentage on (2D2K2) medium composition

Preliminary phytochemical studies for the quantification of secondary metabolites of medicinal importance in the plant, Acalypha fruticosa Forssk

The medicinal plant, Acalypha fruticosa Forssk for the treatment of dyspepsia, stomachache, fever, jaundice, skin diseases and even as an antidote is generally distributed in different environments of tropical region in Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu. However, its occurrence is more common in lower hills of Western Ghats and other habitats in this region where the soil is stony with low moisture. So far, there was no study on the influence of habitat conditions on the change in the content of secondary metabolites of medicinal importance in this plant. Hence to know the changes in the content of such secondary metabolites in the leaves of A. fruticosa, the present study was undertaken in three different habitats. Thin layer chromatography revealed the presence of phytochemical compounds viz., alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins in the leaves of all the three populations. Further the content of all these compounds are found to be higher in the population of dry habitats

Need to Know the Tribes of Tamil Nadu

Tribes are those who have seen the evolving changes from the ancient ways of life and have regulated their lives. Their social organization culture and culture is found according to the context in which they live. The so-called tribes are variously called in Tamil. Politicians refer to them as savages, literati, hill people, rain people, Tolkudi, Mudukudi, Adigudi, Purvagudi, and Gandhians refer to Gandhi as Kirijan. The tribe is an educated social group. These are people who can consistently live in a common place. Speakers of the common dialect are those who have a common one-sided social morality. Followers of common ancestral beliefs panchayat systems and religious belief systems. The Fifth Principle of Sangam Literature shows that it was the hill people who formed the way of life and culture of the ancient Tamil community according to their landscape. Thus, the majority of the indigenous people are indigenous peoples with traditional cultural identities

Study on Key Determinants for TQM Adoption in Construction Practices: An Indian Perspective

The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors that influence the implementation of TQM practices in the construction industry. The study was conducted in Tamil Nadu from June 2015 to January 2016. The researchers used a random sample approach to collect data from participants. A questionnaire-based approach was chosen to collect information from participants. Statistical tools such as Cronbach's Alpha, exploratory factor analysis, multiple regression, correlation, standard deviation, and coefficient variation were employed in the study. Nine crucial dimensions of TQM implementation were identified: customer-oriented factors, organizational culture factors, internal communication factors, supplier-related factors, employee participation factors, employee development factors, employee training factors, availability of equipment factors, and process improvement factors. TQM implementation is influenced by a number of factors, including but not limited to customer-oriented factors; organizational culture factors; employee participation factors; employee development factors; availability of equipment factors; and process improvement factors. The study found that TQM implementation is driven by customer-oriented factors. Among engineers and project managers, the focus on customer-oriented factors was the highest. The results of this study can be used to inform policy makers, helping them create effective TQM policies in the construction industry

Social Development of South Indian Tribes

What tribes are they? Understanding the nature of man will help you find the solution to this query. Primitive man, a breed of creatures that grew and changed over thousands of years, was destined to kill or perish. His means of defence and sustenance became hunting. He hunted and preyed on other creatures naturally. When there was no hunting, those of us who had always considered ourselves to be strict vegetarians would only eat fruits and tubers from the forest to survive. It was feasible to catch animals alive and feed them when needed (as in the case of the Sami, rearing and butchering the kida) because to the expertise and training acquired through constant hunting. He is now a food producer, having risen from the state of gathering and consuming what is available to him from nature. He's now consuming dairy, cereals, and pulses in addition to meat. Initially viewed as livestock and food sources, he started to consider animals as tools for agriculture. Towns and cities were created when forests were cleared and agriculture was established in the riverbeds that were rich in water. There is no longer a need for the group power needed for hunting. Those who worked in groups broke up into families at this time, cattle and land became private property, and the first structures of a state that looked out for the community emerged. He is now a food producer, having risen from the state of gathering and consuming what is available to him from nature. He's now consuming dairy, cereals, and pulses in addition to meat. Initially viewed as livestock and food sources, he started to consider animals as tools for agriculture. Towns and cities were created when forests were cleared and agriculture was established in the riverbeds that were rich in water. There is no longer a need for the group power needed for hunting. Those who worked in groups broke up into families at this time, cattle and land became private property, and the first structures of a state that looked out for the community emerged. It is not required to believe that these developments occurred globally at the same time. It should be mentioned that commonalities may have led to a variety of specific and general disparities. Different segments of the population have fallen behind at different points over the lengthy transition from hunting to modern technologies. The ethnic groups left behind continue to practise what humans originally knew for food, clothing, shelter, worship, beliefs, and interpersonal relationships because they are unable to adapt to the inevitable, never-ending march of change. Tribes are ethnic communities who adhere to the lifestyle of prehistoric man, who lived in harmony with nature and did not significantly alter it. They do not associate with the bulk of humanity, who dominate or destroy nature in order to meet their demands

A Supervised Machine Learning Model for Tool Condition Monitoring in Smart Manufacturing

In the current industry 4.0 scenario, good quality cutting tools result in a good surface finish, minimum vibrations, low power consumption, and reduction of machining time. Monitoring tool wear plays a crucial role in manufacturing quality components. In addition to tool monitoring, wear prediction assists the manufacturing systems in making tool-changing decisions. This paper introduces an industrial use case supervised machine learning model to predict the turning tool wear. Cutting forces, the surface roughness of a specimen, and flank wear of tool insert are measured for corresponding spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. Those turning test datasets are applied in machine learning for tool wear predictions. The test was conducted using SNMG TiN Coated Silicon Carbide tool insert in turning of EN8 steel specimen. The dataset of cutting forces, surface finish, and flank wear is extracted from 200 turning tests with varied spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. Random forest regression, Support vector regression, K Nearest Neighbour regression machine learning algorithms are used to predict the tool wear. R squared, the technique shows the random forest machine learning model predicts the tool wear of 91.82% of accuracy validated with the experimental trials. The experimental results exhibit flank wear is mainly influenced by the feed rate followed by the spindle speed and depth of cut. The reduction of flank wear with a lower feed rate can be achieved with a good surface finish of the workpiece. The proposed model may be helpful in tool wear prediction and making tool-changing decisions, which leads to achieving good quality machined components. Moreover, the machine learning model is adaptable for industry 4.0 and cloud environments for intelligent manufacturing systems

Subsurface Hydrogeochemical Processes in Lower Bhavani River Basin, Tamil Nadu, India

Bhavani River is one of the important tributaries of Cauvery River, and originates in the Silent Valley range of Kerala State, India. The Lower Bhavani River Basin lies between 11 15' N and 11 45' N latitudes and 77 00' E and 77 40' E longitudes with an area of 2,475 km2. Variation of groundwater quality in an area is a function of physical and chemical parameters that are greatly influenced by geological formations, recharge-discharge mechanisms of groundwater and anthropogenic activities. The correlation of groundwater chemistry with hydrologic and geologic environments gives valuable information to understand the effect of these processes and to properly manage aquifer systems. A detailed study has been carried out to understand the subsurface hydrogeochemical processes that are responsible for the quality variation of groundwater. Residence time of groundwater was also considered to be an important parameter to study groundwater evolution. The NETPATH computer code was used to model the major subsurface processes contributing to the evolution of groundwater chemistry. The occurrence of such chemical processes as silicate weathering, carbonate dissolution, ion exchange and dilution due to rain were verified by performing inverse mass balance modeling using the same code. The net geochemical mass balance reactions between initial and final water were identified and quantified based on the flow in selected well pairs. The model output shows that dilution, ion exchange and illite precipitation are the dominant processes that control the chemistry of the groundwater along the flow paths. Calcite and NaCl dissolution are also involved to a certain extent. Reverse ion exchange process is also observed in two models

A solid life-cycle approach to control the content of sludge in wastewater

A solid life-cycle approach to control the content of sludge in wastewate

Design And Evaluation Of Hydraulic Suspension Without Spring In LMV

The suspension is the backbone of all vehicles its principle function is to safely carry the maximum load for all designed operating conditions. This project defines design and evaluation of hydraulic suspension without spring in LMV. Shock reduction is an important characteristic which reduces the vibration of the vehicle and carries the load safely. In this project a hydraulic suspension is used to produce hydraulic pressure that negates external forces acting on the vehicle. As a result, the suspension system is able to control vehicle movement freely and continuously. This control capability makes it possible to provide higher levels of ride comfort and vehicle dynamics which obtained with conventional suspension systems. The design was done using CREO PARAMETRIC 2.0 and the model is imported to Proficy / SCADA (IFix version 4.0) for evaluation. The major features of the hydraulic system includeActive bouncing control using by this system,A frequency-sensitive damping mechanism and active control over roll dive