Le soja en Haute-Volta. Résultats de la recherche et application au développement

Le soja, d'introduction récente en Afrique de l'Ouest, occupe une place encore restreinte du fait d'un marché international difficile et de l'absence de consommation interne. La Haute-Volta fait exception sur ce point et représente l'unique exemple d'une utilisation locale, limitée certes, de ce produit. La recherche agronomique a pu mettre au point un certain nombre de thèmes techniques en matière de matériel végétal, de fertilisation, de techniques culturales et de défense des cultures; d'autres problèmes, liés notamment à la viabilité des graines et à l'activité rhizobienne, n'ont pu encore recevoir de solution satisfaisante au niveau de la vulgarisation. Une opération de développement, conduite en milieu traditionnel pour alimenter une industrie naissante, a permis de vérifier en vraie grandeur la validité des thèmes proposés d'une part, l'acceptabilité du produit d'autre part puisqu'une fraction non négligeable de la production a été écoulée sur le marché loca

Early assessment of genotypic variation in growth and nitrogen fixation in Faidherbia albida/rhizobium symbiosis

To enhance the benefits from N2-fixing symbiosis in low nitrogen fixers such as Faidherbia albida, knowledge is needed on how genotypes of both the host and its bacterial partner interact to influence N fixation-related traits of the host legume. A greenhouse experiment was carried out to investigate the variability of several traits with respect to provenance, rhizobial strain and their interactions. Four West African provenances of F. albida were inoculated with five proven effective strains and grown for two months. Provenance x strain interactions were significant only for shoot N concentration (%N) and total shoot N uptake but their contributions to total phenotypic variances were rather low (6-10%). Because of large differencesamong provenances in growth performance the host genotype showed the greatest contribution (70.7%) to the variability in total shoot N uptake. Variability in %N in turn was mostly related to strain effectiveness (71.2%).These results suggest that under conditions of N deficiency, growth performance and shoot N concentration provide reliable selection criteria when screening for improved N2-fixation in F. albida.Keywords: rhizobia, Faidherbia, provenance, variability, interaction, N2-fixatio

PPAR agonists as add-on treatment with metformin in management of type 2 diabetes:a systematic review and meta-analysis

The combination of metformin and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) agonists offers a promising avenue for managing type 2 diabetes (T2D) through their potential complementary mechanisms of action. The results from randomized controlled trials (RCT) assessing the efficacy of PPAR agonists plus metformin versus metformin alone in T2D are inconsistent, which prompted the conduct of the systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception (1966) to March 2023 to identify all RCTs comparing any PPAR agonists plus metformin versus metformin alone in T2D. Categorical variables were summarized as relative risk along with 95% confidence interval (CI). Twenty RCTs enrolling a total of 6058 patients met the inclusion criteria. The certainty of evidence ranged from moderate to very low. Pooled results show that using PPAR agonist plus metformin, as compared to metformin alone, results in lower concentrations of fasting glucose [MD = - 22.07 mg/dl (95% CI - 27.17, - 16.97), HbA1c [MD = - 0.53% (95% CI - 0.67, - 0.38)], HOMA-IR [MD = - 1.26 (95% CI - 2.16, - 0.37)], and fasting insulin [MD = - 19.83 pmol/L (95% CI - 29.54, - 10.13)] without significant increase in any adverse events. Thus, synthesized evidence from RCTs demonstrates the beneficial effects of PPAR agonist add-on treatment versus metformin alone in T2D patients. In particular, novel dual PPARα/γ agonist (tesaglitazar) demonstrate efficacy in improving glycaemic and lipid concentrations, so further RCTs should be performed to elucidate the long-term outcomes and safety profile of these novel combined and personalized therapeutic strategies in the management of T2D.PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023412603.</p

Hijacking of transcriptional condensates by endogenous retroviruses

Most endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) in mammals are incapable of retrotransposition; therefore, why ERV derepression is associated with lethality during early development has been a mystery. Here, we report that rapid and selective degradation of the heterochromatin adapter protein TRIM28 triggers dissociation of transcriptional condensates from loci encoding super-enhancer (SE)-driven pluripotency genes and their association with transcribed ERV loci in murine embryonic stem cells. Knockdown of ERV RNAs or forced expression of SE-enriched transcription factors rescued condensate localization at SEs in TRIM28-degraded cells. In a biochemical reconstitution system, ERV RNA facilitated partitioning of RNA polymerase II and the Mediator coactivator into phase-separated droplets. In TRIM28 knockout mouse embryos, single-cell RNA-seq analysis revealed specific depletion of pluripotent lineages. We propose that coding and noncoding nascent RNAs, including those produced by retrotransposons, may facilitate 'hijacking' of transcriptional condensates in various developmental and disease contexts

Hijacking of transcriptional condensates by endogenous retroviruses

Most endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) in mammals are incapable of retrotransposition; therefore, why ERV derepression is associated with lethality during early development has been a mystery. Here, we report that rapid and selective degradation of the heterochromatin adapter protein TRIM28 triggers dissociation of transcriptional condensates from loci encoding super-enhancer (SE)-driven pluripotency genes and their association with transcribed ERV loci in murine embryonic stem cells. Knockdown of ERV RNAs or forced expression of SE-enriched transcription factors rescued condensate localization at SEs in TRIM28-degraded cells. In a biochemical reconstitution system, ERV RNA facilitated partitioning of RNA polymerase II and the Mediator coactivator into phase-separated droplets. In TRIM28 knockout mouse embryos, single-cell RNA-seq analysis revealed specific depletion of pluripotent lineages. We propose that coding and noncoding nascent RNAs, including those produced by retrotransposons, may facilitate ‘hijacking’ of transcriptional condensates in various developmental and disease contexts

Influence of increasing soil phosphorus levels on interactions between vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae and Rhizobium in soybeans

International audienc

Source of additional phosphorus absorbed from soil by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal soybeans

International audienc

Les phosphatases alcalines solubles dans l'association endomycorhizienne à vésicules et arbuscules

National audienc

Livelihood functions of fisher households under cold-water production environment of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Abstract This study comprehensively investigated the livelihood security scenario of fisher households employing the CARE framework with little modifications, in Kashmir, India. Primary data for this study was collected from selected fisher households, and a regression function was fitted to quantify the determinants of livelihood security. The findings revealed that fishing has been their dominant livelihood option. The landholding owned by the households was meagre enough to carry out farming or domesticate animals on commercial lines. Poor capital endowments place them at less livelihood security level; however, the respondents with diversified income have a relatively higher index value for livelihood. The regression estimates indicated that barring social and natural capital, all forms of capital have a significant role to play in securing their livelihood. Poor livelihood security, coupled with less income flow, has made their survival vulnerable to various distresses and health disorders, including the prevalence of infant and maternal mortality. Their dietary intake was undesirably less than their dietary recommendations. The COVID-19 pandemic was perceived as a shock to their livelihood security. Further, public investment, which is pertinent for the growth of the fisheries sector, has shown a discouraging trend. The study concluded with a few policy suggestions for securing the livelihood of the fisher community.</jats:p