Development of Composite Adsorbent Coating Based Acrylic Polymer/Bentonite for Methylene Blue Removal

The development of composite adsorbent coating based acrylic polymer solution (APS) mixed with bentonite (ben) was investigated. The composite adsorbent coating was prepared and coated to a high surface area substrate, cotton cellulosic fiber (CCF). The APS/ben-CCF was used for a single cationic methylene blue (MB) dye adsorption system. Characterization of composition and structure of materials and coating was carried out by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-spectroscopy (UV-VIS). The adsorption properties of the APS/ben-CCF were investigated as a function of solution pH, initial dye concentration and contact time as well as solution temperature of MB dye. The result revealed that the APS/ben-CCF functioned well in solutions of various pH (acidic to alkaline), achieving 100% removal of MB within 2 hours of adsorption for 50 ppm. Kinetic studies showed that APS/ben-CCF is endothermic in nature since the adsorption capacity increased with increasing solution temperature. These results demonstrate that APS/ben-CCF composite adsorbent coating is an advanced adsorbent with advantages such as easy phase separation and capability to remove cationic dyes in a short time period

Effect of using agro-fertilizers and N-fixing Azotobacter enhanced biofertilizers on the growth and yield of corn

Corn is an important crop and is grown widely around the world. Corn is a food source for human as well as animal and processed into industrial product such as ethanol. Corn is one of the important productions of Malaysia as the climate is suitable for corn growth. In this study, organic fertilizers such as biofertilizer, N-fixing Azotobacter enhanced biofertilizers and compost were added to the soil to determine best practice in using organic fertilizers for higher corn yield and growth. The study was conducted in plot experiment with five replications based on randomized block design in the summer of 2012. All plots were manually harvested and yield was adjusted to 15% moisture. Grain yield (total corn harvested) at maturity was determined by harvesting the two central rows of each plot. Statistical analysis was performed on the effect of fertilizer treatments on plant growth, corn yield and nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium contents of plant materials. The means were compared according to Duncan multiple range test. The results showed that organic fertilizers in the form of N-fixing Azotobacter enhanced biofertilizer increased yield with positive effects on measured plant height, weight and leaf index. Given the significant enhancement in growth and yield of corn taking place mainly with N-fixing Azotobacter fertilizers under organic condition, the mechanism for this beneficial effect could be due to the more balanced nutrition and improved absorption of nitrogen and other mineral nutrients by the corn

Compost feedstock characteristics and ratio modelling for organic waste materials co-composting in Malaysia

In Malaysia, large amounts of organic materials, which lead to disposal problems, are generated from agricultural residues especially from palm oil industries. Increasing landfill costs and regulations, which limit many types of waste accepted at landfills, have increased the interest in composting as a component of waste management. The objectives of this study were to characterize compost feedstock properties of common organic waste materials available in Malaysia. Thus, a ratio modelling of matching ingredients for empty fruit bunches (EFBs) co-composting using different organic materials in Malaysia was done. Organic waste materials with a C/N ratio of<30 can be applied as a nitrogen source in EFB co-composting. The outcome of this study suggested that the percentage of EFB ranged between 50% and 60%, which is considered as the ideal mixing ratio in EFB co-composting. Conclusively, EFB can be utilized in composting if appropriate feedstock in term of physical and chemical characteristics is coordinated in the co-composting process

Desuperheater Temperature Control System Using Distributed Control System (DCS)

The Control System for Desuperheater Temperature of Boiled water is a critical task in industry. In this Paper reviews the study and collection of measurement datas from in TNPL ( Tamil Nadu Newsprint and Papers Limited) Power Plant , there are three sections namely Deaerator tank, Boiler and Turbine. I have done this work in the turbine section. The steam f rom the Boiler is at very High Temperature. The temperature of this high temperature steam is lowered by spraying the oxygen dissolved water using Desuperheater. The spraying water is controlled by Distributed Control System ( DCS ). The Input to the turbine is at High Temperature and High Pressure steam. The output of the turbine is mentioned in Mega Watts. When the superheated steam is given to the turbine then the Temperature and Pressure output steam condition is Low. The Low level steam is fed to the Desuperheater depends upon requirements in the various units. It is supplied to each section in TNPL

ADVANCED EMBEDDED SYSTEM ASSISTED GSM AND RFID BASED SMART SCHOOL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

ABSTRACT: Among the various technological devices and systems, global system for mobile communication (GSM) is believed as an efficient and fast enough technique that can perform efficient, real time object identification and fast reporting. GSM based tracking system will pass complete information about, where the object (student) and its activities. The RFID system is utilized as a board module to attach the parts of the object (bag, identity card, tag, etc) and follow the object then and there. The designed model is studied under laboratory scale and the results are analysed. Keywords: GSM, RFID, PIC Microcontroller, Security, GSM modem. I.INTRODUCTION The risk of insecure is increasing with increasing populations, as the consequence, large magnitude of hijacks is reported. The major risk faced by the school management as well as the parental side is that the identification of the location of the pupils and their safety measures. The statistical reports perceive that most of the students are hijacked, when they are crossing the school boundary or school entrance area Advanced embedded system assisted GSM and RFID based smart school management system is used to give an access for the operation by habitual recognition of the person based upon the RFID tag information. As an example, for entrance control of an organization, the RFID tag and its reader are designed with predefined unique code of tag for individual school student. Whenever the tag is read by reader, it compares the code with the predefined codes in the machine. On the basis of correctness of the information, it sends an acknowledgement (in the form of text message) to the parents of that particular student and the same protocol is followed for all the pupils of the school. Another important feature of the system is that it maintains a record of attendance about the pupil (i.e.) &quot;in time&quot; &quot;out time&quot; which can be further transferred to the administrator via network systems. Through which we can easily compute the attendance status of the students within no time. This machine can also help to avoid human involvement in keeping the attendance record. Thus, reduction of the manpower held in the organization. This machine ensures accurate access control and record keeping. II. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION DETAILS A. RFID: Many types of RFID exist, but at the highest-level, we can classify RFID devices into two classes namely, active and passive tags. Active tags require power source either connected to powered infrastructure or use energy stored in an integrated battery. In the laterals, tag&apos;s lifetime is limited by stored energy, balanced against the number of read operations. As an example, an active tag is the transponder attached to an aircraft that identify the national origin. The numbers insisted in the tags represent the identification number of the candidate. The RFID utilized in the current system is given below

Performance Analysis Of Neural Network Model For Automated Visual Inspection With Robotic Arm Controller System

The concept of Automated Visual Inspection (AVI) have emerged as a powerful platform for industrial machine vision where it used to inspect a large number of products rapidly.However,a major problem with this kind of application is the quality produced by the recognition process.In this paper,a system with the capability of identifying and categorizing a product based on image processing has been implemented.The image was processed by using Radial Basis Function (RBF) based on output center and spread values optimization.Robotic arm controller developed for pick and place the product based on their categories.Two performance measures are used to validate the model classification range and the spread values.The results of this project indicate that the model used able to identify the product and classify it according to their shape

Stability and durability studies of zwitterionic adsorbent coating for the removal of organic pollutants: Chemical and thermal tolerance

Abstract The zwitterionic adsorbent coating (ZACC) was used to eliminate both cationic and anionic dyes. The ZACC was developed in a way to improve the current ordinary form of adsorbents (beads, powdery) for flexible working application especially in treating the industrial textile effluents. Since it is in a coating form, a number of factors have to be considered especially in terms of its stability and durability in wastewater. This is to prevent any detected adsorbent leaching and fast loss in treated water. This study was investigated for harsh conditions (chemical and thermal) to prove its strength. The chemical tolerance has established the stability of ZACC strip by showing a highly robust and potent structure and form even after 100 days in acidic, neutral and mix dyes solution. Result also showed the percentage removal of BG dye could attained within 87.4 - 97.1 % as increased the pH from 3 to 11. While higher removal of AR 1 obtained in acidic medium (99.4 %). The percentage weight loss obtained were 0.25 % and 0.11 % respectively for thermal stability test in drying oven and outside building.</jats:p

VIBRATIONAL STUDIES OF Na 2 SO 4, K 2 SO 4, NaHSO 4 AND KHSO 4 CRYSTALS

ABSTRACT Sodium sulphate, Potassium sulphate, Sodium hydrogen sulphate and Potassium hydrogen sulphate crystals were grown by aqueous solution method. FTIR and Laser Raman spectra were measured for the crystals. Sulphate group is identified by the frequency assignments