Pelaksanaan Amandemen Terhadap Undang-undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945

Reformasi merupakan salah satu tuntutan yang terus menerus berkembang dan terjadi dalam masa orde baru (pertengahan tahun 1998), baik oleh masyarakat, pemerintah, maupun oleh kekuatan Sosial Politik, termasuk parpol. Salah satu tuntutan yang digulirkan itu adalah Perubahan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, kemudian tuntutan itu diperjuangkan oleh fraksi-fraksi yang ada dalam MPR.Paparan terhadap Perubahan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 telah terwujud dalam lembaga-lembaga Negara, dan Perubahan dimaksudkan untuk meneguhkan pelaksanaan tatanan kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara yang sesuai dengan cita-cita proklamasi kemerdekaaan, yaitu: melindungi segenap bangsa Indonesia dan seluruh tumpah darah Indonesia, memajukan kesejahteraan umum, mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa. ikut melaksanakan ketertiban dunia yang berdasarkan perdamaian abadi dan keadilan sosial

Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Merupakan Salah Satu Pengejawantahan Dimensi Manusia sebagai Makhluk Individu, Sosial, Susila, dan Makhluk Religi

Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan (PKn) adalah membawa misi pendidikan moral bangsa, membentuk warga negara yang cerdas, demokratis, dan berakhlak mulia, yang secara konsisten melestarikan dan mengembangkan cita-cita demokrasi dan membangun karakter bangsa. Sedangkan visi pendidikan Kewarganegraan adalah mewujudkan proses pendidikan yang terarah pada pengembangan kemaampuan individu, sehingga menjadi warga Negara yang cerdas, partisipatif, dan bertanggung jawab. Dengan demikian akan membentukwarga negara Indonesia yang didasarkan pada Pancasila dan karakter positip masyarakat Indonesia. Dimensi manusia sebagai makhluk individual, makhluk sosial, makhluk susila, dan makhluk religi dalam kedudukan kita sebagai warga Negara Indonesia, hendaknya dikembangkan secara seimbang. Dimensi manusia tersebut secara konsisten diperjelas dan dipertajam di dalam memandang dirinya sendiri dengan potensi diri pribadi, dan pengembangan kerjasama dengan orang lain untuk membawa keunggulan bangsa dan Negara, serta kepatuhannya untuk mematuhi norma-norma dalam masyarakat, dan aktualiasi dirinya untuk bertakwa kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, hal itulah merupakan beberapa materi Pendidikan Kewarganegraan Indonesia, disamping materi-materi lainnya

Synthesis of ethyl acetate employing celite-immobilized lipase of Bacillus cereus MTCC 8372

A wide range of fatty acid esters can be synthesized by esterification and transesterification reactions catalyzed by lipases in non-aqueous systems. In the present study, immobilization of a purified alkaline extra-cellular lipase of Bacillus cereus MTCC 8372 by adsorption on diatomaceous earth (celite) for synthesis of ethyl acetate via transesterification route was investigated. B. cereus lipase was deposited on celite (77% protein binding efficiency) by direct binding from aqueous solution. Immobilized lipase was used to synthesis of ethyl acetate from vinyl acetate and ethanol in n -nonane. Various reaction conditions, such as biocatalyst concentration, substrates concentration, choices of solvents ( n -alkanes), incubation time, temperature, molecular sieves (3&Aring; &times; 1.5 mm), and water activity(a w ), were optimized. The immobilized lipase (25 mg/ml) was used to perform transesterification in n -alkane(s) that resulted in approximately 73.7 mM of ethyl acetate at 55 &deg;C in n -nonane under shaking (160 rpm) after 15 h, when vinyl acetate and ethanol were used in a equimolar ratio (100 mM each). Addition of molecular sieves (3&Aring; &times; 1.5 mm) as well as effect of water activity of saturated salt solutions (KI, KCl and KNO 3 ) to the transesterification efficiency has inhibitory effect. Batch operational stability tests indicated that immobilized lipase had retained 50% of its original catalytic activity after four consecutive batches of 15 h each.<br /

Penerapan Pendidikan Matematika Realistik Untuk Membangun Pemahaman Siswa Tentang Konsep Pecahan

: The aim of this paper is to describe the implementation of realistic mathematics education in the learning factions in class IV SDN 2 Penedagandor which can build students' understanding of the concept of fractions. This research is a classroom action research which is carried out in 2 cycles. The results showed that the learning exhaustiveness in cycle I achieved 34.6% with score average is 60.2, and in cycle II, achieved 88.5% with scoreaverage 79.5. Student learning activities in cycle I is good, while in cycle II is very good. Therefore, it can be said that learning activities is very effectively. The conclusion is that students can build their own understanding of the concept of fractions through activities that correspond to reality or their life experience

Fluorescent light (FL), red LED and blue LED spectrums effects on in vitro shoots multiplication

Tissue culture in ornamental plants is one of the relevant factors that beat production of vegetables and fruit production worldwide. It has been recognized as an effective tool to enhance large scale of plant multiplication. However, the conventional lighting system may contain unnecessary wavelength that are low quality to promote growth. In this study, experiment was conducted by using Light Emitting Diodes (LED) as an alternative source of lighting. Red and blue LEDs along with fluorescent light (FL) were applied to determine the best source of light in multiplication of rose. Under the same media regimes which are MS media basal and BAP shoot hormone, blue LED had shown more shoots and leaves

A Cross Sectional Study of Trihexyphenidyl Utilization on Patient Receiving Antipsychotic Therapy

Background: Psychotic disorder becomes a mental health problem recently that reduce quality of life of the patient. As the matter of fact, psychotic treatment induce another problem such as extrapyramidal symtomps (EPS). Trihexyphenidyl is the first choice as conjuctive treatment to prevent EPS. Objective: To determine the description and characteristics of trihexyphenidyl utilization on patient with psychotic who receive antipsychotic therapy at Ghrasia Hospital Yogyakarta. Methods: This study is a non-experimental descriptive with cross sectional design with the secondary data obtained from the medical record of patients with psychotics on January 2014 – January 2015 to perceive the utilization of trihexyphenidyl on patient who receive antipsychotic therapy at Ghrasia hospital. The sample is determined by Slovin formula, the data is analyzed with univariat analysis technic. Results: The majority of psychotic patients at the Ghrasia Hospital are about 25-40 years old (61,7%). It describes that the pattern of the psychotic disorder most likely happening at middle age, which 98 patients are male (63,6%). The combination of two antipsychotics becomes the most used regiment at Grhasia, 113 patients (73,4%) receive the combination of two antipsychotics theraphy, 39 patients (25,3%) receive single antipsychotic therapy and 2 patients (1,3%) receive the combination of three antipsychotics. 136 patients (88,3%) receive trihexyphenidyl twice a day on undefined skizophrenia 65 patients (42,2%) and 18 patients (11,7%) once a day. 149 patiens (96,8) are not examined before THP is given before the initiaton of the theraphy. Conclusion: Administration trihexiphenidyl as adjunctive therapy is given to the psychotic patients twice a day and most of them are not initiated by the examination of syndrome extrapyramidal

Amalan pengurusan keselamatan bengkel kemahiran hidup (KHB) Sekolah Menengah Harian Daerah Batu Pahat

Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengkaji sejauhmanakah persepsi pelajar terhadap amalan pengurusan keselamatan dari aspek keselamatan alatan dan bahan, diri dan rakan serta keselamatan am di bengkel Kemahiran Hidup sekolah menengah harian daerah Batu Pahat. Kajian berbentuk kuantitatif dilaksanakan di empat buah sekolah menengah harian daerah Batu Pahat iaitu SMK Datin Onn Jaafar, SMK Banang Jaya, SMK Dato Onn dan SMK Seri Gading. Sampel kajian terdiri daripada 350 orang pelajar tingkatan dua yang mengambil matapelajaran KHB dan data dikumpul menggunakan instrumen borang soal selidik. Dapatan kajian dianalisis menggunakan perisian Winsteps Version 3.69.1.11 dengan pendekatan Model Pengukuran Rasch sepenuhnya. Data dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis diskriptif dan analisis inferensi iaitu ujian-t bagi menguji hipotesis kajian. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa amalan pengurusan keselamatan di bengkel diamalkan secara sederhana bagi ketiga-tiga aspek tersebut. Terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan di antara pelajar di bandar dan luar bandar iaitu t=-4.08 dan p=0.000 di mana nilai min ukuranya pula ialah -.19. Beberapa cadangan telah dikemukakan bagi penambahbaikkan seperti mengadakan kempen kesedaran dan menyediakan sudut standard operasi amalan pengurusan keselamatan agar pelajar sentiasa mematuhi peraturan semasa berada di bengkel Kemahiran Hidup

Security Safeguards on E-Payment Systems in Malaysia: Analysis on the Payment Systems Act 2003

Central to the infrastructure of electronic commerce activities is the electronic payment system. This encompasses not only the issues of technical sophistication but also legal readiness. In the context of electronic commerce environment in Malaysia, this paper seeks to highlight and examine the Malaysian legal readiness in the aspect of electronic payment system, focusing on its Payment Systems Act 2003. The discussion is limited to the issue of electronic security measures embodied in the law. Within its restricted scope, this paper seeks to demonstrate how the law recognizes the importance of security measures in order to build confidence and trust among the public and mainly the users of electronic payments in the country.