Energy Efficient Cluster based Routing Scheme for WSN based IoT to Extend Network Lifetime

With the development and advancement of wireless sensor networks (WSN), the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) has achieved prominence in the modern era. With the increasing number of connected devices, WSN has become a key factor in the communication component of the IoT. In IoT-based WSN infrastructure, devices are equipped with intelligent sensors that sense the environment to collect data, process data, and deliver information to the sink or base station (BS). WSN-assisted IoT has become a key technology for various data-centric applications such as health care, smart cities, and the military. Sensor nodes in IoT devices are equipped with bound and irreplaceable batteries. An increased number of connected devices face serious issues of energy depletion, maintenance, and load balancing, which might result in device failure. Energy efficiency is considered a vital parameter in the design of an IoT based WSN, and this can be accomplished through clustering and multihop routing techniques. In this paper, we propose an energy-aware multihop routing scheme (EAMRS) for hierarchical cluster-based WSN-assisted IoT. EAMRS considers the improved low-energy adaptive clustering algorithm (I-LEACH) to select optimal cluster heads (CH). During data transmission, multihop routing is involved by considering routing metrics such as residual energy, distance to BS and optimal route choice to balance the energy load. However, conventional routing schemes fail to achieve the flexibility and adaptability prerequisites of load balancing mechanisms. EAMRS decreases computation overhead and restricts energy usage, resulting in a prolonged network lifetime

ENERY EFFICIENT NEW DATA AGGREGATION METHOD FOR IoT

Energy Efficiency is one of the essential difficulties in remote sensor arrange (WSNs) provisioning for continuous information, for example, sound and video in huge Internet of Things. Information collection based plans are exceptionally utilized so as to keep up attractive assistance nature of the detected information from the earth, such plans accumulate and total information parcels in an effective way in order to build arrange lifetime, lessen power utilization, organize overhead, traffic clog, and information exactness, and so forth. In this paper, a power effective hybrid information aggregation (PEHDA) plot is proposed. The proposed conspire consolidates a portion of the attentional highlights of the group and tree-based information collection plans while tending to a portion of their significant restrictions. Reproduction results show that power effective hybrid data aggregation (PEHDA) beats group and tree-based conglomeration conspires regarding power utilization, arrange lifetime, and transmission inactivity

Parametric Study on Reinforced Concrete Beam using ANSYS

Concrete structural components such as beams, columns, walls exist in various buildings and bridges. Understanding the response of these components of structures during loading is crucial for the development of an efficient and safe structure. Recently Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is also used to analyze these structural components. In this paper, four point bending analysis is carried out using reinforced concrete beam. The results of the beam with respect to mesh density, varying depths, use of steel cushions for support and loading points, effect of shear reinforcement on flexure behaviour, impact of tension reinforcement on behaviour of the beam are analyzed and discussed. Finite element software ANSYS 13.0 is used for modeling and analysis by conducting non linear static analysis. Keywords: Material nonlinearity, Finite element analysis, Convergence, Steel cushion, Varying depths, ANSYS

A Comprehensive Ayurvedic Approach to Multisystem Disease

Chronic liver disease is a progressive condition that may result from multiple etiologies including alcohol abuse, recurrent jaundice and metabolic disorders. Management is challenging in patients with multiple co-morbidities. Decompensated liver disease also knows as de-compensated cirrhosis when the liver damaged can no longer compensate for its impaired functions. This stage signifies a severe decline in liver functions and can be life threatening if not addressed often requires liver transplant. As a complication it leads to serious complications like hepatorenal syndrome. Conventional medicine primarily focuses on disease specific pharmacological control there by limiting the scope for holistic recovery. This case repost presents a 55yr old male parent with a complex history of decompensated liver disease chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes mellites, hypertension and cardio vascular disease, cerebro vascular accident. An integrated approach using classical Ayurvedic management and panchakarma procedures was adopted over 12 months of outpatient treatment, the patient showed marked improvement is liver function, glycemic control, renal markers and blood pressure regulations without hospitalization. This case highlights the potentials of Ayurvedic intervention is Chronic multi system condition where standard treatment plateau. In Ayurveda, CKD can be correlated with various forms of Mootraghata, a Tridoshaja condition where urine formation is impaired due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as suppression of natural urges, intake of Ruksha Padartha, Tikshna Aushadha, and obesity-related Medovaha Srotodushti. The pathology primarily involves Vata Prakopa in the Basti region. Considering the similarity in symptoms, Ayurvedic management of CKD emphasizes Sthoulyahara (anti-obesity), Mootrala, and Mootraghatahara approaches along with Shotha Vyadhi Chikitsa. This case study illustrates a safe and effective Ayurvedic alternative for CKD management

SEED TREATMENT CHEMICALS AND POLYMER COATING ON SEED LONGEVITY OF COTTON SEED [GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.]

An experiment was carried out to know the influence of polymers and seed treatment chemicals on longevity of cotton seeds. From the present investigation of the study it could be concluded that Polykote @ 3 ml/kg + Vitavax 200 @ 2ml/kg of seeds and stored in the polythene bag (400 gauge) maintained higher seed quality attributes such as germination (73.67%), vigour index - I (2038), vigour index - II (2156) and lower electrical conductivity (0.259 ms/ppt), after ten months of storage compare to control in cloth bag which noticed germination (60.00%), vigour index –I (1108), vigour index –II (1220) and higher electrical conductivity (0.430 mS/ppt), respectively

Determination of the Thermal Neutron Flux by Measuring Gamma Radiations with High and Low Resolution Detectors

Thermal neutron flux (Фth) of Americium-Beryllium (Am-Be) neutron source has been measured by adopting the foil activation method. The neutrons emitted from Am-Be source are used to activate the indium-115 (115In) foil. The gamma radiations emitted from the activated isomer 116m1In are measured with NaI(Tl) and HPGe detectors. The thermal neutron flux is measured by adopting the cadmium (Cd) foil difference technique in which the Cd foil placed in front of the source to prevent the thermal neutrons from entering into the indium foil. The neutron flux is determined by measuring the gamma radiation emitted from indium foil using a low and high energy resolution NaI(Tl) and HPGe detectors respectively. The measured thermal neutron flux obtained from both detectors has been compared and found that the Фth does not depend on the resolution and type of the detectors used in the present investigations

The study of left ventricular relaxation and filling abnormalities in acute coronary syndrome by doppler echocardiography

Objectives: To study the left ventricular relaxation and filling abnormalities by doppler echocardiography and prognosis of acute coronary syndrome. Methods:  Fifty patients of acute coronary syndrome were included in the study. The left ventricular diastolic dysfunction was studied using doppler transmitral velocities within the apical 4- chambers view (1st study-on the day of admission and 2nd study- after one week). The various parameters studied were peak E (peak rapid filling velocity), peak A (atrial contraction wave), E/A ratio, E-DT (E- deceleration time), IVRT (isovolumetric relaxation time), S-wave (systolic forward flow wave), D-wave (diastolic forward flow wave) and AR-wave (atrial reversal wave). Results: Of 50 patients studied 3 had normal, 36 patients had impaired relaxation, 5 patients had pseudo-normalization, 4 patients reversible and 2 patients irreversible restrictive filling on the day of admission (1st study). In the 2nd study (after one week) 16 were normal, 20 patients had impaired relaxation, 5 patients had pseudo-normalization, 6 patients had reversible and 2 patients had irreversible restrictive filling. Conclusion: Doppler echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in the setting of acute coronary syndrome helps in the management and provides independent noninvasive prognostic information

Molecular tailoring of thermoreversible copolymer gels: some new mechanistic insights

We earlier reported the role of hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions on the transition temperatures of thermoreversible copolymer gels. We show here that the chemical structure of the hydrophobe and its concentration determine the transition temperatures [lower critical solution temperature (LCST)] and the heat of transition of new hydrophobically modified poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) [PNIPAm] copolymer gels. The gels, prepared by copolymerizing NIPAm monomer with hydrophobic comonomers containing increasing lengths of alkyl side groups and a terminal carboxyl acid group, showed lower LCST and lower heat of transition when compared to pure PNIPAm gel. The experimental results were also compared with theoretical calculations based on a lattice-fluid-hydrogen-bond [LFHB] model. We show experimentally and theoretically that a linear correlation exists between the transition temperature and length of the hydrophobic alkyl side group. Also, in apparent contradiction to previous work, we found a reduction in the heat of transition with increasing hydrophobicity. We propose that the presence of the terminal carboxyl acid group on the hydrophobic side chain of the comonomer prevents the association of water molecules around the hydrophobe, thereby causing a reduction in the heat of transition. The LFHB model supports this argument

IMPACT OF SEED TREATMENT CHEMICALS ON SEED STORABILITY IN PIGEONPEA (CAJANUS CAJAN (L.) MILLSP.)

The storage experiment on influence of seed treatment chemicals on seed quality in pigeonpea Cv. BRG-1. From the present investigation it could be concluded that thiram @ 3 gm/kg of seed + spinosad @ 0.04 ml/kg of seed which were stored in superbag recorded significantly higher germination (83.50%), seedling length (30.43 cm), seedling dry weight (28.90mg), seedling vigour index-I (2555) and II (2427), seed moisture is lowest recorded 8.45% at the end of sixth months of storage period compared to control