Are Carbon Clusters the Cause of Interstellar Diffuse Bands?

Theoretically determined vertical excitation energies of C5 and C7 molecules have been shown to agree with the strongest diffuse interstellar band at 4430Å. Several other weak diffuse bands can be identified with vibrational transitions, if 4430Å band is taken as 0-3 transition and vibrational constant have a value of 2190cm−1. The vertical excitation energy of a second electronic transition of C7 molecule agrees with diffuse band at 6177Å. This electronic band system may account for diffuse bands at 5778Å, 6660Å and other bands near them.</jats:p

Are carbon clusters the cause of interstellar diffuse bands?

This article does not have an abstract

Are carbon clusters the cause of interstellar diffuse BANDS ? (CP)

This article does not have an abstract

What we think we know and what we want to know: perspectives on trust in news in a changing world

This report summarises some of what is known and unknown about trust in news, what is contributing to changing attitudes about news worldwide, and how media organisations are responding to increased digital competition. The report combines an extensive review of existing research on the subject along with findings from 82 in-depth interviews with journalists and other practitioners across Brazil, India, the United Kingdom, and the United States &#x2013; four countries with varying media and political systems. The report argues that there is no single &#x2018;trust in news&#x2019; problem but rather multiple challenges involving both the supply of news and the public&#x2019;s demand for information. Empirical evidence about what works, with whom, and under what circumstances, remains lacking, especially around the role played by platform companies. The report emphasises the need to grapple with trade-offs. Some efforts to regain or retain trust in accurate and reliable news are likely to alienate some audiences over others

“It’s a battle you are never going to win”: perspectives from journalists in four countries on how digital media platforms undermine trust in news

The growing prominence of platforms in news consumption has raised scholarly concerns about potential impacts on trust in news, which has declined in many countries. However, less is known about how journalists themselves perceive this relationship, which matters for understanding how they use these technologies. In this paper, we draw on 85 interviews with news workers from four countries in both the Global North and South to examine journalists’ narratives—as metajournalistic discourse—about how platforms impact trust in news. We find that practitioners across all environments express mostly critical ideas about platforms vis-à-vis trust on two different levels. First, they describ platforms as disruptive to journalistic practices in ways that strain traditional norms on which trust is based. Second, they discuss platforms as altering the contexts in which journalistic texts and discourses about journalism circulate, weakening the profession’s authority. Despite these reservations, most continue relying on platforms to reach audiences, highlighting the complex choices they must make in an increasingly platform-dominated media environment. As discourses connecting journalistic practice and meaning, these narratives speak to tensions within journalism as a profession around appropriate norms and practices, and challenges to the profession’s claims to authority

Formation of doubly charged Co<SUP>2+</SUP> ions: a combined experimental and theoretical study

The formation of doubly charged molecular ions of carbon monoxide is studied by means of ion translational energy spectrometry of products resulting from electron loss collisions of CO<SUP>+</SUP> and He and double electron capture collisions of H<SUP>+</SUP> and CO. Theoretical calculations of potential energy functions of several low-lying states of CO<SUP>2+</SUP> have been carried out using a high level, all-electron ab initio technique using large Gaussian basis sets. Vertical double ionisation energies of CO are measured to be 40.21+or-0.35 eV and 39.45+or-0.20 eV. The former value pertains to a metastable CO<SUP>2+</SUP> state whereas the latter is ascribed to a dissociative state. The energy difference of 0.76 eV is a measure of the splitting between the lowest <SUP>3</SUP> Pi and <SUP>1</SUP> Pi states

Snap judgements: how audiences who lack trust in news navigate information on digital platforms

This report examines how audiences lacking trust in most news organisations make sense of news they encounter while navigating platforms, specifically Facebook, Google, and WhatsApp. Based on interviews with people in Brazil, India, United Kingdom, and United States, we find that they encounter limited news, and when they do, they often rely on mental shortcuts to determine what they can trust. More specifically, we find they often form snap judgments based on (1) pre-existing ideas about news in general or specific brands, (2) social cues from family and friends, (3) the tone and wording of headlines, (4) the use of visuals, (5) the presence of advertising, and (6) platform-specific cues. While some of these cues may be beyond the scope of what news organisations have influence over – putting the onus on platforms – others are within the scope of publishers' control but require them to be more attuned to how their content is exhibited in these spaces

Overcoming indifference: what attitudes towards news tell us about building trust

This report details findings from an original survey of news audiences in Brazil, India, the United Kingdom, and the United States. It examines attitudes towards media in each country, ideas about how journalists conduct themselves, and views about which sources of information can be trusted online and offline. The report focuses especially on people with minimal trust and finds some patterns across countries: the least trusting are not necessarily the most vocal critics who are often selectively trusting towards particular providers. Instead, the untrusting tend to be the least knowledgeable about journalism, most disengaged from how it is practised, and least interested in the editorial choices publishers make daily when producing the news. The primary challenge news media and journalists face from this part of the public is not hostility, but indifference. Earning their trust calls for a different approach than that required for other segments of the public