Relationship between clarity of role and job commitment among the personnel of the colleges of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: منابع انسانی مهمترین و با ارزش‌ترین منابع یک سازمان محسوب می‌شوند. وضوح و شفافیت نقش، می تواند موجب رضایت و احساس دلگرمی و مفید بودن فرد و در نهایت انجام بهتر و دقیق‌تر کارها شود. این مطالعه به منظور بررسی رابطه شفافیت نقش و تعهد شغلی کارکنان دانشکده های دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان انجام شده است. روش بررسی: برای انجام این مطالعه توصیفی-تحلیلی 144 نفر با استفاده از روش طبقه ای تصادفی از بین کلیه کارکنان دانشکده های پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان (401 نفر) انتخاب شدند. اطلاعات با استفاده از دو پرسشنامه ی شفافیت نقش و تعهد شغلی جمع آوری گردید. روایی پرسشنامه ها با روش روایی محتوا و پایایی آنها با روش ضریب آلفای کرونباخ محاسبه گردید. داده ها با استفاده از آزمون های آماری t تک متغیره، ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و t2 هتلینگ مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته ها:بر اساس یافته‌های پژوهش میانگین نمرات حاصل از پرسشنامه شفافیت نقش (52/0±76/2) و تعهد شغلی (41/0±39/3) بالاتر از حد متوسط بود (01/0

Distribution system simulator

In a series of tests performed under the Department of Energy auspices, power line carrier propagation was observed to be anomalous under certain circumstances. To investigate the cause, a distribution system simulator was constructed. The simulator was a physical simulator that accurately represented the distribution system from below power frequency to above 50 kHz. Effects such as phase-to-phase coupling and skin effect were modeled. Construction details of the simulator, and experimental results from its use are presented

Effect of valerian capsules in patients with migraine attacks treated with sodium valproate: a randomized clinical trial

Background and aims: Nowadays so many preventive drugs for migraine with different effects are used all around the world. One of the plants that are used traditionally in the treatment of migraine is Valeriana officinalis. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of valerian capsule (350 mg, three times daily) on frequency, duration and intensity of migraine attacks. Method: The present study is a Randomized, single-blind clinical trial that is carried out on 84 female patients suffering from migraine headaches. The patients were randomly allocated to case (n=42) and control groups (n=42) and treated during three consecutive phases of 45 days. In the first phase, both groups received sodium valproate tablet, (200 mg, twice daily) and indomethacin capsule (25 mg, in attacks). In the second phase, valerian capsule (350 mg, three times daily) was added to other drugs of case group. Control group received placebo instead of valerian. Finally, in the third phase, both groups were treated the same as the first phase. And then the data obtained from the drug influence on pain intensity were analyzed based on Mann-Whitney and K2. Results: All 84 patients cooperated to the end of study. The results indicated that valerian capsule significantly reduced the frequency, duration and intensity of migraine attacks in a way that the mean of migraine attacks reduced from 6.2±2.3 to 2.2±1.2, the duration reduced from 17.0± 9.2 to 5.7±3.7 hours and intensity from 8.7±1.2 to 3.0±1.3. Conclusion: According to the remarkable effect of valerian capsule on the prevention of migraine attacks, it seems that it can be a potential alternative to common migraine medications

Are collapse models testable with quantum oscillating systems? The case of neutrinos, kaons, chiral molecules

Collapse models provide a theoretical framework for understanding how classical world emerges from quantum mechanics. Their dynamics preserves (practically) quantum linearity for microscopic systems, while it becomes strongly nonlinear when moving towards macroscopic scale. The conventional approach to test collapse models is to create spatial superpositions of mesoscopic systems and then examine the loss of interference, while environmental noises are engineered carefully. Here we investigate a different approach: We study systems that naturally oscillate --creating quantum superpositions-- and thus represent a natural case-study for testing quantum linearity: neutrinos, neutral mesons, and chiral molecules. We will show how spontaneous collapses affect their oscillatory behavior, and will compare them with environmental decoherence effects. We will show that, contrary to what previously predicted, collapse models cannot be tested with neutrinos. The effect is stronger for neutral mesons, but still beyond experimental reach. Instead, chiral molecules can offer promising candidates for testing collapse models.Comment: accepted by NATURE Scientific Reports, 12 pages, 1 figures, 2 table

Metacognitive Deficiency in a Perceptual but Not a Memory Task in Methadone Maintenance Patients

Drug addiction has been associated with lack of insight into one's own abilities. However, the scope of metacognition impairment among drug users in general and opiate dependent individuals in particular is not fully understood. Investigating the impairments of metacognitive ability in Substance Dependent Individuals (SDIs) in different cognitive tasks could contribute to the ongoing debate over whether metacognition has domain-general or domain-specific neural substrates. We compared metacognitive self-monitoring ability of a group of SDIs during methadone maintenance treatment (n = 23) with a control group (n = 24) in a memory and a visual perceptual task. Post decision self judgements of probability of correct choice were obtained through trial by trial confidence ratings and were used to compute metacognitive ability. Results showed that despite comparable first order performance in the perceptual task, SDIs had lower perceptual metacognition than the control group. However, although SDIs had poorer memory performance, their metacognitive judgements in the memory task were as accurate as the control group. While it is commonly believed that addiction causes pervasive impairment in cognitive functions, including metacognitive ability, we observed that the impairment was only significant in one specific task, the perceptual task, but not in the memory task