Thrombosis with Behçet’s disease should be evaluated different conditions

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Identification of Enterococcus Species Isolated from Commercial Fish Feeds and Infected Fish Specimens

Enterococcus is a Gram‐positive cocci bacterium that can survive in different environmental conditions such as water, plant, and soil. They are also bacteriological signs of fecal contamination. In aquaculture facilities, Enterococcus species have appeared as one of the crucial opportunistic fish pathogens. Enterococcus-caused fish diseases have been reported in different fish species like yellow tail, turbot, and tilapia. Even though Enterococcus species are used as probiotics and are members of the gastrointestinal flora, they can cause pathogenicity like sepsis, wound infections, urinary tract infections, and others. In this study, we isolated bacterial samples from diseased rainbow trout and trout feed. Based on the API 20 strep test kit, they were determined as Enterococcus faecium. While fish isolate samples had 74.4%-99.9% similarity to E. faecium, trout feed isolate samples had 96.4%-99.9% similarity to E. faecium. Moreover, PCR was performed from trout feed isolate samples by using the universal 16S rRNA primers. Sequence results indicate that the samples were E. faecium and E. faecalis. The phylogenetic tree was constructed with other Enterococcus species of 16S rRNA and our samples were located in the E. faecium and E. faecalis species. In conclusion, there may be contamination of Enterococcus with food or other factors. They are opportunistic microorganisms and cause pathogenicity when the host immunity weakens. This may be the first report of Enterococcus contamination and pathogenicity on feeds and fish. Even though all samples with API 20 strep test kit were identified as E. faecium, they had the lower percentage similarity, so they may be E. faecalis and other Enterococcus species. Thus, further studies are needed to understand their probiotic and pathogenicity functions in aquaculture production

Ethical approaches and their application in hotel manager's decision making

This study aims at evaluating the ethical approaches effective for managers working at hotel business when making decisions. Ethics, in the working place, refers to the rules of the workplace that an employee has to comply with, along with the rules of society. In the study, the concept of ethics has been examined within theories of ethics, followed by a conceptual framework of making ethical decisions. The scope of the study consists of interviews conducted with 60 managers working in a chain hotel. The interview consists of 5 different scenarios relating to ethical dilemmas. The scenarios are composed of three different ethics approaches (moral justice approach, subjective approach and contract -based theoretical approach). In the analysis of the data, the Manova Analysis was carried out. The results suggest that managers prefer the contract -based theoretical approach more frequently in decision making. It was also found that managers differ in their choice of ethical approaches in terms of the scenarios. This difference is caused by subjective approaches which are used when dealing with problems related to socio-cultural and institutional reputation and ecology

Online Identification of Stochastic Continuous-Time Wiener Models Using Sampled Data

It is well known that ignoring the presence of stochastic disturbances in the identification of stochastic Wiener models leads to asymptotically biased estimators. On the other hand, optimal statistical identification, via likelihood-based methods, is sensitive to the assumptions on the data distribution and is usually based on relatively complex sequential Monte Carlo algorithms. We develop a simple recursive online estimation algorithm based on an output-error predictor, for the identification of continuous-time stochastic parametric Wiener models through stochastic approximation. The method is applicable to generic model parameterizations and, as demonstrated in the numerical simulation examples, it is robust with respect to the assumptions on the spectrum of the disturbance process

Fluid flowlifting a body from a solid surface

If a body is at rest on horizontal ground and a sudden horizontal flow of fluid is applied, the body either remains on the ground (rocking, rolling, sliding or spinning) or is lifted off impulsively. This lift-off is followed by a return to the ground or by a fly-away in the sense of continued departure from the ground. Related phenomena arise in the lift-off of an air vehicle from, effectively, moving ground. The present investigation seeks fairly precise mechanistic conditions under which lift-off and subsequent return or fly-away occur for a thin body or more generally for any thin gap of fluid between a body and the ground. Nonlinear fluid–solid interaction takes place in which the motion of the body and the surrounding fluid affect each other. Small-time analysis on lift-off and a numerical study are presented, followed by large-time analysis showing a critical flow speed for fly-away for any shape of the body. The changes in ground effect, from being dominant during lift-off to diminishing in fly-away, are explored together with relevant applications

Internet addiction, fatigue, and sleep problems among adolescent students: a large-scale study

Aim: The aim of the present study was to examine the association between Internet Addiction (IA), fatigue, and sleep problems among university students. Methods: A total of 3,000 Turkish students aged 18 to 25 years were approached and 2,350 students (78.3%) participated in this cross-sectional study from April 2017 to September 2017 in public and private universities in Istanbul. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire including socio-demographic details, lifestyle and dietary habits, Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Fatigue Scale, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS]. Descriptive statistics, multivariate and factorial analyses were performed. Results: The overall prevalence of IA among the studied population was 17.7%. There were significant differences between gender, family income, father’s occupation, school performance, frequency and duration of watching television, physical activity, internet use duration, and sleep duration (all p<0.001). Significant differences were also found between participants with IA and those without IA in having headaches, blurred vision, double vision, hurting eyes, hearing problems, and eating fast food frequently (all p<0.001). Using multivariate regression analysis, the duration of internet use, physical and mental symptoms, headache, hurting eyes, tired eyes, hearing problems and ESS scores were significantly associated with (and primary predictors of) IA. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that IA was associated with poor dietary habits, sleep problems, and fatigue symptoms

Nickel and helium evidence for melt above the core–mantle boundary

High ^(3)He/^(4)He ratios in some basalts have generally been interpreted as originating in an incompletely degassed lower-mantle source. This helium source may have been isolated at the core–mantle boundary region since Earth’s accretion. Alternatively, it may have taken part in whole-mantle convection and crust production over the age of the Earth; if so, it is now either a primitive refugium at the core–mantle boundary or is distributed throughout the lower mantle. Here we constrain the problem using lavas from Baffin Island, West Greenland, the Ontong Java Plateau, Isla Gorgona and Fernandina (Galapagos). Olivine phenocryst compositions show that these lavas originated from a peridotite source that was about 20 per cent higher in nickel content than in the modern mid-ocean-ridge basalt source. Where data are available, these lavas also have high ^(3)He/^(4)He. We propose that a less-degassed nickel-rich source formed by core–mantle interaction during the crystallization of a melt-rich layer or basal magma ocean, and that this source continues to be sampled by mantle plumes. The spatial distribution of this source may be constrained by nickel partitioning experiments at the pressures of the core–mantle boundary

The Fate of Foodborne Pathogens in Manure Treated Soil

Publication history: Accepted - 22 November 2021; Published online - 10 December 2021.The aim of this review was to provide an update on the complex relationship between manure application, altered pathogen levels and antibiotic resistance. This is necessary to protect health and improve the sustainability of this major farming practice in agricultural systems based on high levels of manure production. It is important to consider soil health in relation to environment and land management practices in the context of the soil microflora and the introduction of pathogens on the health of the soil microbiome. Viable pathogens in manure spread on agricultural land may be distributed by leaching, surface run-off, water source contamination and contaminated crop removal. Thus it is important to understand how multiple pathogens can persist in manures and on soil at farm-scale and how crops produced under these conditions could be a potential transfer route for zoonotic pathogens. The management of pathogen load within livestock manure is a potential mechanism for the reduction and prevention of outbreaks infection with Escherichia coli, Listeria Salmonella, and Campylobacter. The ability of Campylobacter, E. coli, Listeria and Salmonella to combat environmental stress coupled with their survival on food crops and vegetables postharvest emphasizes the need for further study of these pathogens along with the emerging pathogen Providencia given its link to disease in the immunocompromised and its’ high levels of antibiotic resistance. The management of pathogen load within livestock manure has been widely recognized as a potential mechanism for the reduction and prevention of outbreaks infection but any studies undertaken should be considered as region specific due to the variable nature of the factors influencing pathogen content and survival in manures and soil. Mediocre soils that require nutrients could be one template for research on manure inputs and their influence on soil health and on pathogen survival on grassland and in food crops.This work was funded by the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA); https://www.daera-ni.gov.uk) as part of the DAERA Postgraduate Studentship Programme and by the DAERA Evidence and Innovation project 18/1/21: Evaluating the impact of a range of organic manures applied to arable land on soil, crop and NI agriculture