The Replacement of Maize with graded level of Brewer’s Dried Grain (BDG) in the diet of weaner grasscutters

A 40 Day feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of replacing maize with brewer’s dried grain (BDG) in the diet of grass cutter. 20 growing grass cutter (males) with an average initial weight of 599 g were used for the experiment. Four grass cutter were allotted to each treatment in a completely randomized design. The body weight gain, feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio were recorded weekly. The result of the experiment showed that the control with 0% level of BDG had the highest feed conversion (1.51) and efficiency (0.66) ratios while the least feed conversion (3.95) and efficiency (0.25) ratios were recorded for treatment 5 (100% BDG inclusion). There was not significant difference (P < 0.05) in feed intake among the treatments means. However the body weight gain differed significantly (P < 0.05). It was concluded that BDG can be used to replace maize in the diet of grass cutters up to 75% level of inclusion without negative effect on the performance of grass cutters. Key words: Protein efficiency, feed efficiency, grass cutters, Brewer’s Dry Grain (BDG)

Tuberculous Lymphadenitis in South‑Eastern Nigeria; a 15 Years Histopathologic Review (2000‑2014)

Background: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic has brought about a resurgence in tuberculosis (TB), especially in developing countries. Previous studies on TB lymphadenitis (TBLN) in South‑Eastern Nigeria were done before the advent of the HIV pandemic making a review pertinent.Aim: To evaluate the role of TBLN as a cause of superficial lymphadenopathy in the post‑HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) era of South‑Eastern Nigeria.Materials and Methods: This is a 15 years (2000–2014) retrospective review of all superficial lymph node biopsies (SLNBs) received at the Department of Morbid Anatomy, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku‑Ozalla Enugu, Nigeria.Results: One hundred and seventy‑two cases of TBLN were identified in this study constituting 14.6% (172/1,180) of SLNBs received at our Hospital’s Morbid Anatomy Department during the 15 years period under review. Twenty‑eight cases of TBLN were clinically screened for HIV, 23 of which tested positive, representing 82.1% (23/28) of clinically screened cases. Acid fast bacilli demonstration was positive in 15.1% (26/172) of cases using Ziehl‑Neelsen stain. 48.8% (84/172) of TBLN cases were males, and 51.2% (88/172) were females with most (22) cases received in 2012 and least (5) cases in 2000. Most TBLN occurred in the 21–25 years age group with a total of 21.5% (37/172) of cases and a male to female ratio of 1:1.5 The most common biopsy site for TBLN was the cervical group followed by the axillary and inguinal groups with 73.8% (127/172), 14% (24/172), and 4.7% (8/172) of cases, respectively.Conclusions: There is a remarkable decline in the prevalence of TB lymphadenitis in South‑Eastern Nigeria indicating a change in trend from the pre‑ to the post‑HIV/AIDS era with slightly more females now presenting with TBLN and most TB lymphadenitis patients now presenting with associated HIV/AIDS disease. There is an urgent need to provide modern diagnostic facilities in our medical laboratories.Keywords: Histology, Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome, Lymphadenitis, Tuberculosis, Ziehl‑Neelse

Computational analysis of conductive heat transfer in a rectangular slab of stable boundary using Monte Carlo method

Heat transfer is of immense importance in many engineering studies. Monte Carlo technique are broadly utilized in the operation research fields and atomic physics in which difficult problems above the existing tools of theoretical mathematics were resolved. The target of this study is to confirm the short duration in which heat transfer occurs in a quadrilateral slab where the temperature is provided throughout the borderline. An effort was made towards providing appropriate condition for the explanation of the heat transfer in a substance. The Shrinking Periphery Monte Carlo technique was utilized to obtain heat transfer in a helical pattern, upward and downward movement, which was compared with the standard Monte Carlo technique. The result of the study showed that the dimension of the quadrilateral slab determines the duration to calculate temperature dissemination in the system. The study revealed that the helical pattern is the shortest route in computing run time for temperature dispersal in a slab. The helical pattern is paramount in determining temperature distribution in a quadrilateral slab of stable state. The application of this technique to examine the conduction of heat in quadrilateral slabs produced good outcomes

Pillars of Effective and Efficient Energy Systems in Nigeria

Nigeria is posed with a myriad of challenges to achieving efficient energy systems; the colossal collective demand for sufficient electricity for approximately 200 million is a concern. Another challenge is the mismanagement of Nigeria’s abundant resources, by individuals and by groups. It has withheld us, for decades, from making the bold and rapid progress which ought to have made for the energy system. This report explores the concept of an energy system in Nigeria perspective and progresses

Facility Layout using Computer Routing: A Review

Facility Layout is an essential aspect of any industry or firm because it determines how well the industry would operate when production begins and how productive its processes would be. Some of its objectives are to save cost, and time, improve productivity and enhance customer satisfaction. Facility layout design is also fundamental because it lays the foundation for how the layout would look before it is produced physically or further improved on. The review discusses how CORELAP is being implemented and its firms or industries' effects where it was implemented. From this review, it can be concluded that CORELAP is an efficient and effective technique that can be used to create new layouts and redesign existing layouts to reduce material handling distance, save time, and save costs incurred