The Philosophy Behind Fair Use: Another Step Towards Utilitarianism

IParadigms, a company involved in plagiarism detection, was hold not liable for the unauthorized use and archival of students’ papers. Both the District and Appellate Courts of Virginia, in fact, maintained that the exception of fair use applied to the copyright infringement action.  As the relevant facts represent a novelty in case law, it might plausible the hypothesis that iParadigms precedent is not going to be followed in forthcoming cases. This investigation is an attempt to appreciate the possibilities that such an event could happen. In particular, the attention is focused on the special nature of the Copyright Act which is simultaneously backed by opposite theoretical backgrounds such as utilitarianism and moral desert as well as personhood theories, among others. The prevailing of one theory over another shall depend on how liberally or strictly the fair use doctrine shall be interpreted.  Despite findings demonstrate judges have applied the fair use doctrine according to the correct conceptions of justice, the discussion ends up recommending a new system of plagiarism detection that drastically reduces the likelihood of copyright infringement actions

The Use of Mechanically Activated Micronized Coal in Thermal Power Engineering

Coal is one of the main energy resources and development of new promising technologies on its basis is certainly topical. This article discusses the use of new technology of gas and fuel oil replacement by mechanically activated micronized coal in power engineering: ignition and stabilization of pulverized coal flame combustion, as well as gasification of micronized coal in the flow. The new technology coal combustion with two stages of grinding is suggested. Optimization of the scheme of two-stage combustion is calculated. The first experimental data on the combustion process are obtained. The first demonstration tests on gas and heavy oil replacement by micronized coal during boiler ignition were carried out in the real power boiler with the capacity of 320 tons of steam per hour

Impact Factor: outdated artefact or stepping-stone to journal certification?

A review of Garfield's journal impact factor and its specific implementation as the Thomson Reuters Impact Factor reveals several weaknesses in this commonly-used indicator of journal standing. Key limitations include the mismatch between citing and cited documents, the deceptive display of three decimals that belies the real precision, and the absence of confidence intervals. These are minor issues that are easily amended and should be corrected, but more substantive improvements are needed. There are indications that the scientific community seeks and needs better certification of journal procedures to improve the quality of published science. Comprehensive certification of editorial and review procedures could help ensure adequate procedures to detect duplicate and fraudulent submissions.Comment: 25 pages, 12 figures, 6 table

Распространенность патологии органа зрения у телеутов — коренного сельского населения Кузбасса

The vision status in teleut native countymen residing in Kemerovo Region. Studied structure and prevalence of eye disease have been evaluated following ophthalmologic examination of 609 teleuts (213 men and 396 women) accounting for 30% of the whole population residing at this area. The general population disease rate was found to account for 1 394,08‰.Изучено состояние органа зрения у коренного малочисленного населения - телеутов, проживающих на территории Кемеровской области. Установлены структура, распространенность и особенности формирования болезней глаз на основании осмотра 609 телеутов (213 мужчин и 396 женщин), составивших высокорепрезентативную выборочную совокупность (более 30% общего количества проживающих на данной территории коренных сельских жителей). Общепопуляционный показатель распространенности болезней глаз составил 1 394,08‰

MODELING OF PROCESSES OF CONTACT MELTING WITH THE SURFACE QUASI-LIQUID LAYER

A contact melting model based on the possible existence of a quasiliquid layer on the metal surface is proposed. Using the interaction potentials between metal atoms, the temperature at which a quasiliquid layer will exist on the surface of at least one of them upon contact of their surfaces is calculated. It is shown that this temperature is lower than that realized in experiments on contact melting

Endothelium-mediated vasodilation: associations with cardiometabolic diseases and their risk factors in aging

Aim. To evaluate the association of flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) with cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) and their risk factors (RF) in old age.Material and methods. The study was conducted in the Russian population cohort of the HAPIEE project (Novosibirsk, 2015-2018). Endothelial function was assessed in a random subsample (788 men and women aged 55-84 years) using ultrasound measurements of the brachial artery FMD. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) was recorded with FMD <10%. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and risk factors were assessed using standard epidemiological methods.Results. The incidence of hypertension (HTN) was 78,8% (the same in men and women), major CVDs — 21,7% and 17,1%, type 2 diabetes (T2D) — 18,7% and 19,1% in men and women, respectively. The mean FMD values were 2,7% (SD 7,32) and 3,2% (7,19), while the prevalence of ED was 88,2% and 85,8% in men and women, respectively, and did not differ significantly by sex. Men with ED had higher levels of blood triglycerides (125,1 (71,23) vs 102,7 (45,79) mg/dl; p=0,033), waist/hip circumference indices (0,94 (0,050) vs 0,92 (0,076); p=0,009) and body weight (27,7 (45,79) vs 26,5 (4,36) kg/m2; p=0,077). In women, a tendency towards an association of ED with smoking was revealed (p=0,067). There were no associations of ED with HTN, T2D and CVD in men and women.Conclusion. The PMD test demonstrated a high incidence of ED in a population sample of 55-84 years old. ED is associated with metabolic risk factors in men and smoking in women. No associations of PMD with CMDs were found, presumably due to the high incidence of ED and cumulative disease in the elderly. Modification of metabolic risk factors and smoking cessation are relevant at any age to prevent the progression of ED

On the role of the latin language in professional communication of a doctor

Annotation. In the article, on the example of the description of surgery to remove the gallbladder and the analysis of the survey conducted among medical students, it is said about the importance of Latin in the professional communication of the doctor.В статье на примере описания оперативного вмешательства по удалению желчного пузыря «открытая холецистэктомия» и анализа проведенного среди студентов медицинских вузов, опроса, говорится о значимости латинского языка в профессиональной коммуникации врача

About the Development of an Electronic Information and Communication Platform

В статье представлено обоснование необходимости внедрения электронно-коммуникационной площадки в социально-экономическом аспекте для сферы образования. Предложены основы архитектуры, базирующиеся на задачах участников, которые они могут решить при использовании, а также влияние функционирования такой площадки на качество образования и развития науки в стране.The article presents a rationale for the need to introduce an electronic communication platform in the socio-economic aspect for the education sector. The fundamentals of architecture are proposed, based on the tasks of the participants that they can solve when used, as well as the impact of the functioning of such a platform on the quality of education and the development of science in the country

Structure and prevalence of eye disease in teleut native countymen in Kuzbass

The vision status in teleut native countymen residing in Kemerovo Region. Studied structure and prevalence of eye disease have been evaluated following ophthalmologic examination of 609 teleuts (213 men and 396 women) accounting for 30% of the whole population residing at this area. The general population disease rate was found to account for 1 394,08‰.</jats:p