Evaluation of Quality and Nutrient Contents of Table Eggs from Different Sources in the Retail Market

Table egg quality and nutrient contents from four sources in the retail market in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia were evaluated using straight run experimental design and compared with the recommended daily allowance (RDA, 2002/2005) profiles. Egg source had a noticeable effect (P<0.05) on shell weight per unit of surface area, albumen percentage, Haugh unit, yolk percentage, index and colour. Differences in dry matter, protein, and lipid profiles of eggs were significant (P<0.05) among various sources, while variability in egg cholesterol and low density lipoprotein reached 51 and 17.6% (P<0.05), respectively. Egg sources had an effect (P<0.05) on total antioxidant capacity and lipid malonaldehyde. Mineral contents (mg/egg) of the whole edible parts of eggs showed a significant difference (P<0.05) among different egg sources in most of the minerals except for potassium. In conclusion, eggs in the retail market had variable quality and nutrition contents that may affect the fulfillment of the RDA for human and may possibly improve the quality of eggs and their nutritional values. Such diversity indicates the need for uniform of production and husbandry practice, the enforcement of quality control regulations based on egg quality and nutrient profiles by the authorities in the market, and the impact this may have on the health of the consumer

When Conflict Traumas Fragment: Investigating the Sociopsychological Roots of Turkey’s Intractable Conflict

This article investigates the historical processes contributing towards the specific development of Turkey after the 1920s that in turn established the main contours of Turkey’s conflict with the Partiya Karkerên Kurdistanê (PKK). It first argues that the traumatic conflict memories of the Turkish leadership (1918–35) influenced its individual-level patterns of actions. These memories were used by the leadership to consolidate its imagined national agency in Turkey. The leadership perceived the traditional-conservative groups as ontological insecurity sources, jeopardizing this agency. It second claims that Turkey’s military apparatus is designed to silence these ontological insecurity sources. Finally, it claims these developments informed the ways in which the PKK’s narratives of rebellion were constructed. Empirically, it problematizes the impact of the Ottoman Empire’s collapse on the Turkish elites. Then, through a discourse analysis of elites’ speeches and legal documents, it traces their anxieties to the Ottoman Empire’s traumatic end. This article contributes to the trauma literature on ontological security and the emotions literature in International Relations in two ways. It first explores the particular national context in which traumatic memories are shaped and in turn articulated through emotional performances. Secondly, it shows the interplay between sociopsychological processes of security and agency making