Immundefekte bei chronischer Rhinosinusitis : eine bedeutende und oft unterschätzte Ursache

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most frequent chronic diseases. Among these patients the prevalence of immune defects is higher than in the healthy general population. Methods A selective review of the literature was carried out in PubMed and Medline covering the period between 2008 and 2019. Additionally, recent German publications in journals not listed in the abovementioned databases were analyzed. Results The diagnostic workflow with respect to the immunodeficiency consists of a detailed anamnesis and physical examination, laboratory tests and the antibody reaction to polysaccharide vaccines and antigens. Beside antibiotic treatment, vaccinations and immunoglobulin replacement are available. Notwithstanding the above, functional endoscopic surgery of the paranasal sinuses should be performed according to guideline recommendations. Conclusion Patients with CRS who do not sufficiently respond to conservative and surgical treatment should be checked for underlying immunodeficiencies

Differential marker expression by cultures rich in mesenchymal stem cells

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells have properties that make them amenable to therapeutic use. However, the acceptance of mesenchymal stem cells in clinical practice requires standardized techniques for their specific isolation. To date, there are no conclusive marker (s) for the exclusive isolation of mesenchymal stem cells. Our aim was to identify markers differentially expressed between mesenchymal stem cell and non-stem cell mesenchymal cell cultures. We compared and contrasted the phenotype of tissue cultures in which mesenchymal stem cells are rich and rare. By initially assessing mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, we established that bone marrow and breast adipose cultures are rich in mesenchymal stem cells while, in our hands, foreskin fibroblast and olfactory tissue cultures contain rare mesenchymal stem cells. In particular, olfactory tissue cells represent non-stem cell mesenchymal cells. Subsequently, the phenotype of the tissue cultures were thoroughly assessed using immuno-fluorescence, flow-cytometry, proteomics, antibody arrays and qPCR. Results: Our analysis revealed that all tissue cultures, regardless of differentiation potential, demonstrated remarkably similar phenotypes. Importantly, it was also observed that common mesenchymal stem cell markers, and fibroblast-associated markers, do not discriminate between mesenchymal stem cell and non-stem cell mesenchymal cell cultures. Examination and comparison of the phenotypes of mesenchymal stem cell and non-stem cell mesenchymal cell cultures revealed three differentially expressed markers – CD24, CD108 and CD40. Conclusion: We indicate the importance of establishing differential marker expression between mesenchymal stem cells and non-stem cell mesenchymal cells in order to determine stem cell specific markers

Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction and the Risk of Cognitive Decline: a Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.

Although both overt hyper- and hypothyroidism are known to lead to cognitive impairment, data on the association between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and cognitive function are conflicting. This study sought to determine the risk of dementia and cognitive decline associated with subclinical thyroid dysfunction among prospective cohorts. We searched in MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception until November 2014. Two physicians identified prospective cohorts that assessed thyroid function and cognitive outcomes (dementia; Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE]). Data were extracted by one reviewer following standardized protocols and verified by a second reviewer. The primary outcome was dementia and decline in cognitive function was the secondary outcome. Eleven prospective cohorts followed 16,805 participants during a median followup of 44.4 months. Five studies analyzed the risk of dementia in subclinical hyperthyroidism (SHyper) (n = 6410), six in subclinical hypothyroidism (SHypo) (n = 7401). Five studies analyzed MMSE decline in SHyper (n = 7895), seven in SHypo (n = 8960). In random-effects models, the pooled adjusted risk ratio for dementia in SHyper was 1.67 (95% confidence interval, 1.04; 2.69) and 1.14 (95% confidence interval, 0.84; 1.55) in SHypo vs euthyroidism, both without evidence of significant heterogeneity (I(2) = 0.0%). The pooled mean MMSE decline from baseline to followup (mean 32 mo) did not significantly differ between SHyper or SHypo vs euthyroidism. SHyper might be associated with an elevated risk for dementia, whereas SHypo is not, and both conditions are not associated with faster decline in MMSE over time. Available data are limited, and additional large, high-quality studies are needed

Harnessing the Power Within: The Consequences of Salesperson Moral Identity and the Moderating Role of Internal Competitive Climate

The purpose of this research is to examine the notion of salesperson moral identity as a prosocial individual trait and its associated effects on customer and coworker relationships. In addition, this study examines the underlying processes in which these effects occur as well as the moderating role of internal competitive climate. Our empirical investigation of business-to-business (B2B) sales professionals reveals that moral identity has both direct and indirect effects on a salesperson’s customer- and team-directed outcomes. Specifically, our results demonstrate that salesperson moral identity positively affects both salesperson-customer identification and organizational identification, which, in turn, impact customer service provision and teamwork. Our findings also indicate that internal competitive climate exacerbates the positive effects of salesperson moral identity on customer service provision and teamwork

Lion

Le berbère connaît plusieurs dénominations du lion ; celle qui paraît être primitive repose sur le thème nominal war : elle est attestée, sinon usuelle, dans les dialectes suivants, surtout sahariens : -  Mozabite : war et twart (lionne) ; -  Ouargla : ar (vieilli ; Delheure précise : « vieux mot des contes ») - Touareg : ahar (lion), iharren (plur.) et tahart (lionne), tiharrin (pl.). La forme touarègue est conforme à une correspondance régulière Berbère Nord /w/ ↔ touareg /h/ (cf. Prasse 19..

Amdyaz (aède, poète itinérant) (Maroc central)

Le terme appartient en propre aux parlers berbères du Maroc central (aire dialectale tamazixt) qui connaissent également la variante locale amlyaz. Le mot présente la forme d’un dérivé déverbatif (Nom d’Agent à préfixe m-) construit sur une racine DYZ, laquelle, présentement, n’est plus attestée dans les parlers concernés. Il existe pourtant à Ghadames un verbe diz ( dyz), « danser » (Lanfry, p. 79, n° 327) qui pourrait représenter la base de dérivation de amdyaz. Le rapprochement a été émis ..

Ighil

Le terme Iγil (“Ighil” en orthographie française ; féminin : tiγilt, tighilt ; plur. : iγallen ; fém. plur. : tiγaltin) est particulièrement fréquent en toponymie puisqu’il signifie, dans ce contexte, “colline”, “éminence”. Associé à divers déterminants (noms propres ou qualificatifs), il est omniprésent dans la toponymie de l’Afrique du Nord : Ighil-Ali, Ighil-Imoula, Ighil-Izane Relizane... Le mot est en réalité très polysémique ; sa signification de base est anatomique : “avant-bras” ; co..

Habitude

Terminologie ancienne que l’on rencontre dans toutes les grammaires et descriptions du xixe et de la première moitié du xxe siècle (Hanoteau, Boulifa, René Basset, Laoust, Aspinion...). On la retrouve encore dans certains travaux actuels d’amateurs. Elle s’applique au thème verbal que les berbérisants, depuis André Basset appelle l’« Aoriste intensif » (ou « Inaccompli », dans une terminologie plus récente et plus sémantique introduite par L. Galand). On considérait en effet ce thème verbal c..

Kabylie : La langue

Le berbère parlé en kabyle est, avec le touareg* et le tachelhit* du Sud-Ouest marocain, une des variétés régionales les plus étudiées et les mieux connues. C’est aussi celle qui a bénéficié du processus de promotion et d’aménagement linguistique le plus précoce et le plus avancé. Les données historiques et sociales expliquent aisément cette situation particulière ; principale région berbérophone, bastion d’une forte et longue résistance à la pénétration française au xixe siècle, située à moi..

Kel (X)

En touareg, unité invariable pré-nominale, particulièrement fréquente dans l’ethnonymie, qui signifie « les gens de » : Kel-Ahaggar, Kel-Ajjer, Kel-Ayr, Kel-Ferwan, etc. Elle est utilisée aussi bien pour dénommer des tribus/clans particuliers (tawsit), que de grands ensembles confédéraux, voire géographiques : Kel-Aḍagh, Kel-Fransa (« Les gens de France » = « les Français »). En ethnonymie, kel est un collectif qui fonctionne souvent comme pluriel des termes de parenté élémentaires : agg/aw (..