Diagnostic evaluations and management of surgical scar endometriosis: a case series of 13 cases over 9 years

Endometriosis is defined as localization of ectopic functional endometrial gland and stroma. Scar endometriosis is a rare benign gynecological disease affecting women in the reproductive age group. It’s incidence in post-caesarean and post-hysterotomy scar tissue is approximately 0.03-0.4% and 1.08-2% respectively. This case series reviews literature of medical data of 13 patients who presented over 9 years with incisional site endometrioma, diagnostic approaches and treatment is discussed. The patients presented in 2nd to 3rd decade of life with complaints of cyclical pain and mass at previous surgery scar. Ultrasonography (USG) detected hypoechoic mass/granuloma and inconclusive in most cases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) though was suggestive of diagnosis in almost all cases. Definitive diagnosis was histopathological examination. Treatment was achieved with surgical excision in all patients, and 3 are preceded by hormonal treatment. Medical treatment can only yield symptomatic relief in pain till the hormone effect lasts. Treatment of choice is wide excision that is excision of 1 cm tissue around the mass. Endometriosis in operative site scar tissue may present as a discrete mass which may be painful and can be confused clinically with a variety of surgical conditions. It is extremely important to recognize the condition so as to avoid potential clinical pitfalls in the diagnosis of this treatable entity

SLE and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: A Case Series and Review of the Literature

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disorder punctuated by varied multiorgan complications all along the course of its natural history. Lymphoma represents a relatively well-recognized malignant phenomenon associated with lupus. The cause and effect relationships of lymphoma in SLE have been subject to extensive scrutiny with several studies reporting on clinic-pathologic characteristics and risk factors predicting lymphoma development in SLE. However, the pathogenic role of immunosuppressives in SLE-related lymphoma still remains unclear, and indices to help guide diagnosis, prognostication, therapy, and posttreatment monitoring are yet to be established. In this review, we describe 3 SLE patients who developed non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma at different time points of their disease. Through a careful dissection of the aforementioned cases, we intend to apprise readers of the currently available literature surrounding risk factors, management, and prognosis in SLE-related lymphoma. We will also review and discuss the implications of immunosuppressives in SLE-related lymphoma and the role of mycophenolate mofetil in SLE-related primary CNS lymphoma development

Epitope identification of rabies virus nucleoprotein using immunoinformatics approach

Abstract Background Rabies is a deadly and preventable disease. The nucleoprotein of rabies virus has been found to have group-specific antigenic determinants. The rabies virus nucleoprotein can shield dogs and mice from the lethal infection. Early diagnosis of rabies is crucial for the prevention of rabies. Methods In this study, B-cell epitopes of the nucleoprotein gene of the rabies virus were identified, and the characteristics of the epitopes were analyzed using various bioinformatics tools, such as the immune epitope database\u27s Bepipred Major Histocompatibility Complex II (IEDB MHC II) prediction tool, NetCTL 1.2, Vaxijen v20, AllerTOP v2.0 server. Results Fourteen epitopes were predicted in the nucleoprotein sequence of the rabies virus. We observed that B-cell epitopes have a high affinity for binding to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II. Notably, the selected strain\u27s conserved region yielded a total of thirty weak binders and eight strong binders, all exhibiting a binding affinity with allele H-2-IAb. The study also ventured into antigenicity, allergenicity, and toxicity predictions. Three of the ten peptides were identified as potential allergens, while the remaining seven were classified as non-allergens. Interestingly, none of the peptides were found to be toxic. Conclusion B cells are a critical component of adaptive immunity, producing neutralizing antibodies, and are crucial in blocking viral entry and attachment. Henceforth, epitopes identified in this study can be utilized to produce monoclonal antibodies or vaccines for therapeutic purposes. The discovered epitope is a functional potential repertoire for developing serodiagnostic tests and epitope-based peptide vaccines

SLE and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: A Case Series and Review of the Literature

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disorder punctuated by varied multiorgan complications all along the course of its natural history. Lymphoma represents a relatively well-recognized malignant phenomenon associated with lupus. The cause and effect relationships of lymphoma in SLE have been subject to extensive scrutiny with several studies reporting on clinic-pathologic characteristics and risk factors predicting lymphoma development in SLE. However, the pathogenic role of immunosuppressives in SLE-related lymphoma still remains unclear, and indices to help guide diagnosis, prognostication, therapy, and posttreatment monitoring are yet to be established. In this review, we describe 3 SLE patients who developed non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma at different time points of their disease. Through a careful dissection of the aforementioned cases, we intend to apprise readers of the currently available literature surrounding risk factors, management, and prognosis in SLE-related lymphoma. We will also review and discuss the implications of immunosuppressives in SLE-related lymphoma and the role of mycophenolate mofetil in SLE-related primary CNS lymphoma development

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Not AvailableRabies viral nucleoprotein is proven to be antigenic and immunogenic in nature. Monoclonal antibody binding characterises the Rabies viral nucleoproteins immune reactivity. However, studies on reactivity of nucleoproteins to polyclonal antibodies are limited. In this study, a partial Rabies viral nucleoprotein gene of 516 bp was cloned into a pET 32a vector, and prokaryotic expression was induced to obtain a protein of 24.1 kDa. The protein obtained was further characterised by Western blot and indirect ELISA. Our research discovered Rabies nucleoprotein immune reactivity in polyclonal sera and suspected that the epitopes are conformational in nature. This study adds to the limited number of polyclonal sera based studies on Rabies nucleoprotein.Not Availabl