Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Adsorption of Alizarin Yellow from Aqueous Solutions on Saccharum spontaneum

Saccharum spontaneum is used for the removal of the industrial dye (alizarin yellow R)from aqueous solution. The effects of contact time ,temperatures , initial concentrations and pH values have been investigated . Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms are fitted on the experimental data of adsorption of the studied system. Depending on the results obtained from the effect of temperatures , the thermodynamic parameters (#916G, #916H and #916S) are estimated. The work also included kinetic study conducted by applying two kinetic models, the pseudo first and second order equations . The results proved that, the studied system follows the pseudo second order model indicated by the agreement between the experimental and calculated values of adsorption capacity (qe) at equilibrium .The concentration of the adsorbed dye is determined spectrophotometerically

Impact of Paramparagath Krishi Vikas Yojana Scheme on the Livelihood of Beneficiaries

The Indian government's Paramparagath Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY) programme has gained prominence as a key push to advance organic agricultural methods all over the nation. The study was conducted in Virudhunagar and Madurai districts of Tamil Nadu, with a sample size of 120 beneficiary respondents from the designated villages utilising census method. In-depth analysis of the scheme's effects on organic farmers is provided in this article, along with conclusions about how well it promotes sustainable agricultural practices and increases crop yields while also stimulating economic growth. The quantitative component looks at data from a variety of organic farming clusters before and after implementation of the scheme, analysing variables such changes in the farm, family, education, social contacts, income, debt, and health.The findings revealed a significant positive impact of PKVY scheme on the livelihood of organic farmers. Participating farmers have reported a gradual shift towards organic cultivation, reducing their reliance on chemical inputs and adopting eco-friendly alternatives. Notably, the PKVY scheme has led to tangible economic benefits for organic farmers

Surface Chemical Analysis of Solid-Electrolyte Interphase Layer on Germanium Thin Films and the Effect of Vinylene Carbonate Electrolyte Additive

Germanium thin-film anodes for Li-ion battery applications are the focus of the present work. As part of this chapter, we shall briefly review the use of germanium thin films in Li-ion batteries, and subsequently, new results pertaining to the effect of vinylene carbonate (VC) as electrolyte additive on the electrochemical performance are presented. We have used cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to investigate the performance. Thin-film electrode performance with 0 wt. %, 5 wt. %, and 10 wt.% VC as electrolyte additive was compared to understand the role of additive’s concentration. The cell with 5 wt.% VC as electrolyte additive exhibited best performance with high specific capacity of 975 mAh/g, with a retention of 94 and 99% Coulombic efficiency at the end of 100 cycles. Ex situ surface chemical analysis of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer has been studied in detail using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and correlated with the electrochemical performance

Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Ring Tab on Mixing Enhancement of Subsonic Jets

For thrust vectoring, combustion characteristics, infrared radiation reduction, and aeroacoustics noise mitigation, the mixing enhancement and core length reduction of a jet must occur without a substantial loss of thrust. Manipulating flow parameters enables the enhancement of the jet mixing process. Nozzle exits fitted with varying tab designs have the potential to alter the flow characteristics in the subsonic jets. The present study uses a ring tab to investigate the influence of the jet spread. These tab configurations are the source of creating counter-rotating vortices of varied sizes due to their even curvature in the plane of the flow. Non-uniform vortices at the orifice perimeter cause differential jet spread, resulting in axis switching and improved mass entrainment properties. The experimental results of the ring tab are compared with the free jet configuration at subsonic exit Mach numbers 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8. The Ring tab showed a significant decrease in the potential core, with reductions of 40%, 60% and 91.67% at Mach numbers 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8, respectively, indicating a substantial improvement in jet mixing. Additionally, the jet decay was faster than the free jet, demonstrating the potential of the ring tab in altering flow characteristics.  The radial profiles and Mach contour plots illustrate the Mach decay, indicating the rate at which the jet spreads and the jet deflection from its centerline. This study presents a new tab configuration by providing a single circular ring tab instead of the typical dual tab layout. The main objective of this experimental study involving ring tab is to enhance jet mixing and perhaps decrease the core length, with potential applications in reducing noise and providing thrust vectoring in aircraft engine jets