Numerical modelling of massif zonal structuring around underground working

Purpose. To identify indicators of massif zonal structuring around underground working using numerical modeling techniques. Methods. Research into massif zonal structuring was performed using finite element method and thermodynamic method by which the size and number of zones formed around development workings and stopes have been simulated. Findings. The ratio of zones’ vertical and horizontal semiaxes in the massif has been established and reliability of the obtained results was determined. The prospects of new modeling techniques for the study of massif zonal structuring parameters around underground workings have been identified. Originality. The opportunities for wide application of numerical simulation methods to study the phenomenon of zonal encapsulation by the massif of underground workings have been revealed. Practical implications. The sizes and shapes of zones in the massif around workings were determined and requirements were formulated stating that synergetic research methods should allow to more accurately determine the number, size and shape of zones, as well as fading sinusoidal stress and massif strain domains.Цель. Выявить показатели зонального структурирования массива вокруг подземных выработок с помощью численных методов моделирования. Методика. Исследование зонального структурирования массива выполнялось методом конечных элементов и термодинамическим методом, с помощью которых смоделированы размеры и количество зон, формирующихся вокруг подготовительных и очистных выработок. Результаты. Установлено отношение вертикальных и горизонтальных полуосей зон в массиве и определена достоверность полученных результатов. Раскрыты перспективы создания новых методов моделирования для исследования параметров зонального структурирования массива вокруг подземных выработок. Научная новизна. Раскрыты возможности широко применяемых численных методов моделирования для исследования феномена зонального капсулирования массивом подземных выработок. Практическая значимость. Установлены размеры и форма зон в массиве вокруг выработок и определены требования к синергетическим методам исследования, заключающиеся в возможностях более точного определения количества, размеров и формы зон, а также синусоидально-затухающих напряжений и кольцевых областей деформаций массива.Мета. Виявити показники зонального структурування масиву навколо підземних виробок за допомогою чисельних методів моделювання. Методика. Дослідження зонального структурування масиву виконувалося методом кінцевих елементів і термодинамічним методом, за допомогою яких змодельовані розміри та кількість зон, які формуються навколо підготовчих й очисних виробок. Результати. Встановлено відношення вертикальних і горизонтальних напіввісей зон у масиві та визначена достовірність отриманих результатів. Розкрито перспективи створення нових методів моделювання для дослідження параметрів зонального структурування масиву навколо підземних виробок. Наукова новизна. Розкрито можливості широко застосованих чисельних методів моделювання для дослідження феномена зонального капсулювання масивом підземних виробок. Практична значимість. Встановлено розміри і форму зон у масиві навколо виробок та визначено вимоги до синергетичних методів дослідження, що полягають у можливості більш точного визначення кількості, розмірів і форми зон, а також синусоїдально-згасаючих напружень та кільцевих областей деформацій масиву.За предоставленные материалы и оказанную поддержку при проведении теоретических исследований с помощью термодинамического метода авторы выражают благодарность заведующему кафедры подземной разработки месторождений полезных ископаемых Государственного ВУЗ “Криворожский национальный университет” В.А. Калиниченку

Randomness Relative to Cantor Expansions

Imagine a sequence in which the first letter comes from a binary alphabet, the second letter can be chosen on an alphabet with 10 elements, the third letter can be chosen on an alphabet with 3 elements and so on. When such a sequence can be called random? In this paper we offer a solution to the above question using the approach to randomness proposed by Algorithmic Information Theory.Comment: several small change

Extracellular vesicles produced by mouse breast adenocarcinoma 4T1 cells with up- or down-regulation of adaptor protein Ruk/CIN85 differentially modulate the biological properties of 4T1 WT cells

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by most cell types under both physiological and pathological conditions and were proposed to be actively involved in intercellular communication. The mode of EVs action is dependent on their cargos composition. EVs play an important role in tumor initiation, recurrence, metastasis and therapeutic resistance. EVs marker proteins Alix and Tsg101 and cortactin are the binding partners of adaptor protein Ruk/CIN85. The present study aims to analyze the regulatory effects of EVs produced by 4T1 cells with overexpression (RukUp) or down-regulation (RukDown) of adaptor protein Ruk/CIN85 on proliferation rate, migration and invasion activity of parental 4T1 WT cells. EVs from conditioned medium of 4T1 RukUp or RukDown cells were isolated by differential centrifugation followed by further purification using Exo-spin™ kit (Cell Guidance Systems). The number and size of EVs were characterized by NTA (Malvern Panalytical NanoSight NM300) instrument. The content of marker proteins and Ruk/CIN85 in isolated EVs was analyzed by Western-blotting. The viability, migration and invasion activity of 4T1 WT cells were studied using MTT-test, scratch-test and Boyden chamber assay, respectively. It was demonstrated for the first time that adaptor protein Ruk/CIN85 is a constitutive component of EVs produced by 4T1 cells. It was also shown that EVs produced by 4T1 cells with different levels of Ruk/CIN85 expression are characterized by a specific profile of the content of its multiple molecular forms. It turned out that the ability of EVs to modulate the proliferative activity, motility and invasiveness of 4T1 WT cells was tightly correlated with the biological properties of 4T1 cells that produce EVs (highly aggressive 4T1 RukUp cells or weakly invasive 4T1 RukDown cells). Our data suggest that adaptor protein Ruk/CIN85 is not only a constitutive component of cargos composition of EVs produced by tumor cells but, depending on its content in EVs, plays an active role in the control of carcinogenesis.Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by most cell types under both physiological and pathological conditions and were proposed to be actively involved in intercellular communication. The mode of EVs action is dependent on their cargos composition. EVs play an important role in tumor initiation, recurrence, metastasis and therapeutic resistance. EVs marker proteins Alix and Tsg101 and cortactin are the binding partners of adaptor protein Ruk/CIN85. The present study aims to analyze the regulatory effects of EVs produced by 4T1 cells with overexpression (RukUp) or down-regulation (RukDown) of adaptor protein Ruk/CIN85 on proliferation rate, migration and invasion activity of parental 4T1 WT cells. EVs from conditioned medium of 4T1 RukUp or RukDown cells were isolated by differential centrifugation followed by further purification using Exo-spin™ kit (Cell Guidance Systems). The number and size of EVs were characterized by NTA (Malvern Panalytical NanoSight NM300) instrument. The content of marker proteins and Ruk/CIN85 in isolated EVs was analyzed by Western-blotting. The viability, migration and invasion activity of 4T1 WT cells were studied using MTT-test, scratch-test and Boyden chamber assay, respectively. It was demonstrated for the first time that adaptor protein Ruk/CIN85 is a constitutive component of EVs produced by 4T1 cells. It was also shown that EVs produced by 4T1 cells with different levels of Ruk/CIN85 expression are characterized by a specific profile of the content of its multiple molecular forms. It turned out that the ability of EVs to modulate the proliferative activity, motility and invasiveness of 4T1 WT cells was tightly correlated with the biological properties of 4T1 cells that produce EVs (highly aggressive 4T1 RukUp cells or weakly invasive 4T1 RukDown cells). Our data suggest that adaptor protein Ruk/CIN85 is not only a constitutive component of cargos composition of EVs produced by tumor cells but, depending on its content in EVs, plays an active role in the control of carcinogenesis

Composition of EVs markers under normoxic and hypoxic conditions depends on the expression level of adaptor protein Ruk/CIN85 in mouse renal carcinoma Renca cells

AbstractAim: To isolate and characterize extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by mouse renal carcinoma Renca cells with different expression levels of the adaptor protein Ruk/CIN85 under normoxia and hypoxia conditions.Methods: The density gradient centrifugation was used to isolate EVs from the conditioned medium of Renca cells cultured under normoxia and hypoxia conditions. Further characterization of EVs was performed by using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), electron microscopy and Western Blot analysis. Results: Significant differences in average particle size between EVs produced by sublines studied under experimental conditions were not found. At the same time, concentration of particles produced by Ruk/CIN85 overexpressing cells turned out to be an order of magnitude higher in hypoxia in comparison to normoxia conditions. It was shown that under normoxia conditions the content of both Ruk/CIN85 and EVs’ markers Alix and CD81 was increased in vesicles produced by Renca cells with Ruk/CIN85 overexpression in comparison with those from control mock-transfected cells. Under hypoxia conditions, the content of studied proteins decreased by more than two orders of magnitude in EVs secreted by Renca cells with up-regulation of adaptor protein whereas the content of Ruk/CIN85 and CD81 increased in EVs from mock-transfected cells. Conclusions: It has been demonstrated that the adaptor protein Ruk/CIN85 is a novel component of EVs produced by tumor cells that may play a role in the control of EV composition under normoxia and hypoxia. Abstract Aim: To isolate and characterize extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by mouse renal carcinoma Renca cells with different expression levels of the adaptor protein Ruk/CIN85 under normoxia and hypoxia conditions. Methods: The density gradient centrifugation was used to isolate EVs from the conditioned medium of Renca cells cultured under normoxia and hypoxia conditions. Further characterization of EVs was performed by using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), electron microscopy and Western Blot analysis. Results: Significant differences in average particle size between EVs produced by sublines studied under experimental conditions were not found. At the same time, concentration of particles produced by Ruk/CIN85 overexpressing cells turned out to be an order of magnitude higher in hypoxia in comparison to normoxia conditions. It was shown that under normoxia conditions the content of both Ruk/CIN85 and EVs’ markers Alix and CD81 was increased in vesicles produced by Renca cells with Ruk/CIN85 overexpression in comparison with those from control mock-transfected cells. Under hypoxia conditions, the content of studied proteins decreased by more than two orders of magnitude in EVs secreted by Renca cells with up-regulation of adaptor protein whereas the content of Ruk/CIN85 and CD81 increased in EVs from mock-transfected cells. Conclusions: It has been demonstrated that the adaptor protein Ruk/CIN85 is a novel component of EVs produced by tumor cells that may play a role in the control of EV composition under normoxia and hypoxia

Основные принципы обеспечения безопасности Белорусской АЭС

Safety systems of Belarusian nuclear power plant project realising safety basic principles in according to recommenda-tions of International atomic energy agency are presented.Представлены системы безопасности проекта Белорусской АЭС, реализующие основные принципы обеспечения безопасности в соответствии с рекомендациями Международного агентства по атомной энергии

Дви-марганец - рении: самый «молодой» стабильный элемент Периодической системы элементов

The article was written for the 150th anniversary of the D.I. Mendeleev’s Periodic Law. The history behind the discovery of dvi-manganese - rhenium by D.I. Mendeleev has been explained. Rhenium as well as its compounds’ fields of application has been indicated. In addition, potential sources of rhenium in Russia have been identified.Статья написана к 150-летию Периодического закона Д.И. Менделеева. Кратко изложена история открытия предсказанного Д.И. Менделеевым дви-марганца - рения. Указаны области применения рения и его соединений. Обозначены потенциальные источники рения в России

МОДЕЛЬ МЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКИХ МЕХАНИЗМОВ АККУМУЛЯЦИИ КАЛЬЦИЯ В МИТОХОНДРИИ ЖИВОЙ КЛЕТКИ

A model based on universal model of a living cell, allowing to investigate calcium accumulation in mitochondria is offered in the article. The presented model is implemented in MatLab system.В работе на основе универсальной модели живой клетки предложена модель, позволяющая исследовать аккумуляцию кальция в митохондрии. Представленная модель реализована в системе MatLab

Minor Actinides Can Replace Essential Lanthanides in Bacterial Life**

Certain f-block elements—the lanthanides—have biological relevance in the context of methylotrophic bacteria. The respective strains incorporate these 4 f elements into the active site of one of their key metabolic enzymes, a lanthanide-dependent methanol dehydrogenase. In this study, we investigated whether actinides, the radioactive 5 f elements, can replace the essential 4 f elements in lanthanide-dependent bacterial metabolism. Growth studies with Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum SolV and the Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 ΔmxaF mutant demonstrate that americium and curium support growth in the absence of lanthanides. Moreover, strain SolV favors these actinides over late lanthanides when presented with a mixture of equal amounts of lanthanides together with americium and curium. Our combined in vivo and in vitro results establish that methylotrophic bacteria can utilize actinides instead of lanthanides to sustain their one-carbon metabolism if they possess the correct size and a +III oxidation state

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОМАГНИТНОГО ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ С МАТЕРИАЛАМИ НА ОСНОВЕ ХРИЗОТИЛОВЫХ АСБЕСТОВ

The research results of radioabsorbing composite materials based on chrysotile asbestos electromagnetic radiation reflection and attenuation characteristics in the frequency range 2...18 GHz are studied. The expediency of use of these materials for manufacturing of wide screens EME is shown.Приводятся результаты исследований характеристик отражения и ослабления электромагнитного излучения в диапазоне частот 2…18 ГГц радиопоглощающими композиционными материалами на основе хризотиловых асбестов. Показана целесообразность использования этих материалов для изготовления широкодиапазонных экранов ЭМИ