Analisis Pengentasan Kemiskinan di Kota Medan

The purposeof this researchwas to determine themodel ofpoverty alleviationin Medan City through econometric approach. This research usedsecondary datatime trend(time series) of the years 2000-2010. The methodof analysis usedis the econometric method with variables that affect povertyis economic growth, income per capita, inflation and unemploymen tareprocessed usin the program eviews 5.1.The modelis thedata analysis using multiple linear regression Ordinary Least Square method (OLS). The results showed that the number of poor people in the city of Medan relatively large approximately 10,05% of the population of the city of Medan in 2010. Test results showed variable estimates of economic growth and per capita income has negative and statistically significant, while inflation and unemployment variables have a positive and significant impact on the number of poor people in the city of Medan

Branchenstudie Food : Kennzahlen, Struktur, Veränderungstreiber und Entwicklungspotenziale der Schweizer Lebensmittelindustrie

Korrigierte Ausgabe von https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-1126Die Lebensmittelindustrie ist nicht nur wichtig für die Versorgung der Schweiz mit Nahrungsmitteln, sie hat insgesamt für die Schweizer Volkswirtschaft eine grosse Bedeutung. Die vorliegende Studie liefert eine umfassende Definition und Analyse der wichtigsten Branchenkennzahlen und ihre Treiber. Sie verfolgt zwei Ziele: Zum einen soll die Lebensmittelindustrie anhand ihrer Umsatzentwicklung, der Exportneigung und der Bindung an den Heimmarkt beschrieben werden. Zum anderen gilt es, globale Trends, Wachstumstreiber und Entwicklungsperspektiven der Branche aufzuzeigen

Food Sector Study : Figures, Structure, Forces of Change, and Development Potential of the Swiss Food Industry

Corrected edition of https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-1125The food industry is not only important to Switzerland in terms of keeping the country fed; it is of great importance to the Swiss economy as a whole. This study provides comprehensive definition and analysis of the most important industry data and the forces which drive it. It has two objectives: Firstly, the food industry is described in terms of its sales development, propensity to export, and commitment to the domestic market. Secondly, global trends, drivers of growth, and development perspectives for the industry are identified

The Association Between Persistent White-Matter Abnormalities and Repeat Injury After Sport-Related Concussion

Objective: A recent systematic review determined that the physiological effects of concussion may persist beyond clinical recovery. Preclinical models suggest that ongoing physiological effects are accompanied by increased cerebral vulnerability that is associated with risk for subsequent, more severe injury. This study examined the association between signal alterations on diffusion tensor imaging following clinical recovery of sport-related concussion in athletes with and without a subsequent second concussion. Methods: Average mean diffusivity (MD) was calculated in a region of interest (ROI) in which concussed athletes (n = 82) showed significantly elevated MD acutely after injury (<48 h), at an asymptomatic time point, 7 days post-return to play (RTP), and 6 months relative to controls (n = 69). The relationship between MD in the identified ROI and likelihood of sustaining a subsequent concussion over a 1-year period was examined with a binary logistic regression (re-injured, yes/no). Results: Eleven of 82 concussed athletes (13.4%) sustained a second concussion within 12 months of initial injury. Mean MD at 7 days post-RTP was significantly higher in those athletes who went on to sustain a repeat concussion within 1 year of initial injury than those who did not (p = 0.048; d = 0.75). In this underpowered sample, the relationship between MD at 7 days post-RTP and likelihood of sustaining a secondary injury approached significance [χ2 (1) = 4.17, p = 0.057; B = 0.03, SE = 0.017; OR = 1.03, CI = 0.99, 1.07]. Conclusions: These preliminary findings raise the hypothesis that persistent signal abnormalities in diffusion imaging metrics at RTP following concussion may be predictive of a repeat concussion. This may reflect a window of cerebral vulnerability or increased susceptibility following concussion, though understanding the clinical significance of these findings requires further study

The teaching, learning and assessment of health advocacy in a South African College of Health Sciences

Health advocacy is a core competency identified by Health Professions Council of South Africa to be acquired by health professional graduates. There is a lack of information on how health advocacy (HA) is taught and assessed in health science programmes. The aim of the study was to explore the teaching, learning and assessment of HA in undergraduate health science programmes at a South African university. Methods: Curriculum mapping of eight programmes and a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with eleven key informants were conducted using a sequential mixed methods approach. Content analysis was used to analyse Curriculum Mapping data. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the FGD data. Results from both data sets were triangulated. Results: Six themes emerged: Perceived importance of HA role for health practitioners; Implicit HA content in curricula; HA as an implicit learning outcome; Teaching HA in a spiral curriculum approach; Authentic Assessment of HA, and Perceived barriers to incorporation of HA into curricula. Conclusion and Recommendations: HA is perceived as an important role for health professionals but it is not explicitly taught and assessed in undergraduate health sciences programmes. Barriers to its teaching and assessment can be addressed through capacity development of academics

A pilot of the use of Short Message Service (SMS) as a training tool for anaesthesia nurses

Background: Anaesthesia nurses form a critical part of the team providing perioperative care to patients, but no accredited training exists for them in South Africa. In this setting, short in-service training interventions are a pragmatic attempt at improving nurse performance and patient outcomes. Traditional didactic teaching formats have limitations, and mLearning (the use of mobile telephones to facilitate education) has proved equivalent or superior to traditional teaching methods in several settings. Despite very high levels of mobile phone ownership amongst healthcare workers in Africa, this form of educational delivery has not been tested in the hospital-based nursing population.Methods: A telephonic true/false pre-test was performed with 12 nurses of varying levels of training, to assess their preexisting knowledge of anaesthesia. A pre-learning package was then delivered to them in the form of daily SMSs for a month, covering relevant anaesthesia content. A telephonic post-intervention test was performed to assess whether anaesthesia theory knowledge had improved.Results: Median test scores out of 30 were compared using a Wilcoxon signed rank test and were statistically higher in the postintervention test: 25 (IQR 20–26) vs. 21 (IQR 20–21.25) (p = 0.018).Conclusions: The results demonstrate an association between a cheap and widely available educational vehicle, and an increase in nurse knowledge scores. The use of mobile telephones in medical education in limited-resource settings should be explored further.Keywords: anaesthesia nurse, eLearning, mLearning, nurse education, Short Message Service (SMS

Features of Muon Arrival Time Distributions of High Energy EAS at Large Distances From the Shower Axis

In view of the current efforts to extend the KASCADE experiment (KASCADE-Grande) for observations of Extensive Air Showers (EAS) of primary energies up to 1 EeV, the features of muon arrival time distributions and their correlations with other observable EAS quantities have been scrutinised on basis of high-energy EAS, simulated with the Monte Carlo code CORSIKA and using in general the QGSJET model as generator. Methodically various correlations of adequately defined arrival time parameters with other EAS parameters have been investigated by invoking non-parametric methods for the analysis of multivariate distributions, studying the classification and misclassification probabilities of various observable sets. It turns out that adding the arrival time information and the multiplicity of muons spanning the observed time distributions has distinct effects improving the mass discrimination. A further outcome of the studies is the feature that for the considered ranges of primary energies and of distances from the shower axis the discrimination power of global arrival time distributions referring to the arrival time of the shower core is only marginally enhanced as compared to local distributions referring to the arrival of the locally first muon.Comment: 24 pages, Journal Physics G accepte

Inactivation of SAM-methyltransferase is the mechanism of attenuation of a historic louse borne typhus vaccine strain

Louse borne typhus (also called epidemic typhus) was one of man's major scourges, and epidemics of the disease can be reignited when social, economic, or political systems are disrupted. The fear of a bioterrorist attack using the etiologic agent of typhus, Rickettsia prowazekii, was a reality. An attenuated typhus vaccine, R. prowazekii Madrid E strain, was observed to revert to virulence as demonstrated by isolation of the virulent revertant Evir strain from animals which were inoculated with Madrid E strain. The mechanism of the mutation in R. prowazekii that affects the virulence of the vaccine was not known. We sequenced the genome of the virulent revertant Evir strain and compared its genome sequence with the genome sequences of its parental strain, Madrid E. We found that only a single nucleotide in the entire genome was different between the vaccine strain Madrid E and its virulent revertant strain Evir. The mutation is a single nucleotide insertion in the methyltransferase gene (also known as PR028) in the vaccine strain that inactivated the gene. We also confirmed that the vaccine strain E did not cause fever in guinea pigs and the virulent revertant strain Evir caused fever in guinea pigs. We concluded that a single nucleotide insertion in the methyltransferase gene of R. prowazekii attenuated the R. prowazekii vaccine strain E. This suggested that an irreversible insertion or deletion mutation in the methyl transferase gene of R. prowazekii is required for Madrid E to be considered a safe vaccine

Accurate mass measurements of short-lived isotopes with the MISTRAL rf spectrometer

The MISTRAL experiment has measured its first masses at ISOLDE. Installed in May 1997, this radiofrequency transmission spectrometer is to concentrate on nuclides with particularly short half-lives. MISTRAL received its first stable beam in October and first radioactive beam in November 1997. These first tests, with a plasma ion source, resulted in excellent isobaric separation and reasonable transmission. Further testing and development enabled first data taking in July 1998 on neutron-rich Na isotopes having half-lives as short as 31 ms