Influence of the Climate Policy of the European Union on the Competitiveness of Pollution-generating Sectors of the Polish Economy in the Context of Sustainable Development

The businesses surveyed represent industries which are pollution generators by their nature and even ecologically-oriented technological progress is incapable of ensuring considerable emission reductions without general switching of the economy to renewable energy sources.W tekście przedmiotem analizy jest wpływ polityki klimatycznej UE na konkurencyjność polutogennych sektorów polskiej gospodarki. Analiza literatury i wyniki badań przeprowadzonych w 2008 r. w zlokalizowanych na terenie Polski przedsiębiorstwach reprezentujących hutnictwo żelaza, szkła, aluminium oraz przemysł cementowy stanowią podstawę do sformułowania wniosków dotyczących konsekwencji już prowadzonej i planowanej po 2012 r. polityki klimatycznej UE. Polityka klimatyczna UE, zwłaszcza wspólnotowy system handlu pozwoleniami do emisji, stwarzają dla przedsiębiorstw nowe bariery rozwoju. Oczekiwany wzrost kosztów produkcji, może nie tylko spowolnić dynamikę produkcji, ale także obniżyć konkurencyjność polskich przedsiębiorstw w stosunku do przedsiębiorstw spoza UE, które nie muszą dostosowywać się do redukcji emisji gazów cieplarnianych. Pod uwagę należy brać także konsekwencje dla zatrudnienia i rozwoju regionalnego. Jeśli wystąpiłby również wyciek emisji poza UE osiągnięcie globalnych celów polityki klimatycznej stałoby się bardzo wątpliwe. Branże uwzględnione w badaniu są ze swej natury polutogenne i nawet proekologiczne przemiany technologiczne nie są w stanie zapewnić redukcji emisji bez generalnego przestawienia się gospodarki na odnawialne źródła energii

Determination of molecular spectroscopic parameters and energy-transfer rates by double-resonance spectroscopy

The spectroscopy of small to medium-size polyatomic molecules can be extremely complex, especially in higher-lying overtone and combination vibrational levels. The high density of levels also complicates the understanding of inelastic collision processes, which is required to model energy transfer and collision broadening of spectral lines. Both of these problems can be addressed by double-resonance spectroscopy, i.e., time-resolved pump-probe measurements using microwave, infrared, near-infrared, and visible-wavelength sources. Information on excited-state spectroscopy, transition moments, inelastic energy transfer rates and propensity rules, and pressure-broadening parameters may be obtained from such experiments. Examples are given for several species of importance in planetary atmospheres, including ozone, silane, ethane, and ammonia

Ecological characterization of the Florida springs coast: Pithlachascotee to Waccasassa Rivers

This report covers the upper coast of west-central Florida. This region includes the drainage basins and nearshore waters of the west coast of Florida between, but not including, the Anclote River basin and the Suwannee River basin. The name Springs Coast wash chosen because this area contains a multitude of springs, both named and too small or inaccessible to have been names. Much of the area is karstic limestone. Most recognizable among the springs are the famous Crystal river, Weeki Wachee, and Homosassa. This territory includes large expanses of marsh and wetland and, along its shores, the southern end of the largest area of seagrass beds in the state -- the Florida Big Bend Seagrass Beds preserve. It also possesses numerous spring-fed rivers and streams along the coast, whose constant discharges provide unique, relatively stable estuarine environments. This document is a summary of the available information on the Springs Coast area of Florida, for use by planners, developers, regulatory authorities, and other interested parties. An understanding of the factors affecting their plans and the possibly unexpected impacts of their actions on others will, it is hoped, promote intelligent development in areas capable of supporting it. We have tried to provide a clear, coherent picture of what is currently known about how the physical, chemical, and biological factors of the environment interact. (343 pp.

Environment assisted electron capture

Electron capture by {\it isolated} atoms and ions proceeds by photorecombination. In this process a species captures a free electron by emitting a photon which carries away the excess energy. It is shown here that in the presence of an {\it environment} a competing non-radiative electron capture process can take place due to long range electron correlation. In this interatomic (intermolecular) process the excess energy is transferred to neighboring species. The asymptotic expression for the cross section of this process is derived. We demonstrate by explicit examples that under realizable conditions the cross section of this interatomic process can clearly dominate that of photorecombination