Computational aspects of helicopter trim analysis and damping levels from Floquet theory

Helicopter trim settings of periodic initial state and control inputs are investigated for convergence of Newton iteration in computing the settings sequentially and in parallel. The trim analysis uses a shooting method and a weak version of two temporal finite element methods with displacement formulation and with mixed formulation of displacements and momenta. These three methods broadly represent two main approaches of trim analysis: adaptation of initial-value and finite element boundary-value codes to periodic boundary conditions, particularly for unstable and marginally stable systems. In each method, both the sequential and in-parallel schemes are used and the resulting nonlinear algebraic equations are solved by damped Newton iteration with an optimally selected damping parameter. The impact of damped Newton iteration, including earlier-observed divergence problems in trim analysis, is demonstrated by the maximum condition number of the Jacobian matrices of the iterative scheme and by virtual elimination of divergence. The advantages of the in-parallel scheme over the conventional sequential scheme are also demonstrated

Motion of falling object

A simple setup was assembled to study the motion of an object while it falls. The setup was used to determine the instantaneous velocity, terminal velocity and acceleration due to gravity. Also, since the whole project was done within $20 it can easily be popularized.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figur

Simple Pendulum Revisited

We describe a 8085 microprocessor interface developed to make reliable time period measurements. The time period of each oscillation of a simple pendulum was measured using this interface. The variation of the time period with increasing oscillation was studied for the simple harmonic motion (SHM) and for large angle initial displacements (non-SHM). The results underlines the importance of the precautions which the students are asked to take while performing the pendulum experiment.Comment: 17 pages with 10 figure

Active faulting in apparently stable peninsular India: Rift inversion and a Holocene-age great earthquake on the Tapti Fault

We present observations of active faulting within peninsular India, far from the surrounding plate boundaries. Offset alluvial fan surfaces indicate one or more magnitude 7.6–8.4 thrust-faulting earthquakes on the Tapti Fault (Maharashtra, western India) during the Holocene. The high ratio of fault displacement to length on the alluvial fan offsets implies high stress-drop faulting, as has been observed elsewhere in the peninsula. The along-strike extent of the fan offsets is similar to the thickness of the seismogenic layer, suggesting a roughly equidimensional fault rupture. The subsiding footwall of the fault is likely to have been responsible for altering the continental-scale drainage pattern in central India, and creating the large west-flowing catchment of the Tapti river. A pre-existing sedimentary basin in the uplifting hangingwall implies the Tapti Fault was active as a normal fault during the Mesozoic and has been reactivated as a thrust, highlighting the role of pre-existing structures in determining the rheology and deformation of the lithosphere. The slip sense of faults and earthquakes in India suggests that deformation south of the Ganges foreland basin is driven by the compressive force transmitted between India and the Tibetan Plateau. The along-strike continuation of faulting to the east of the Holocene ruptures we have studied represents a significant seismic hazard in central India.RCUKDOI: 10.1002/2014JB011294This is the final version of the following article: A. Copley, S. Mitra, R.A. Sloan, S. Gaonkar, and K. Reynolds, Active faulting in apparently stable peninsular India: rift inversion and a Holocene-age great earthquake on the Tapti Fault, Journal of Geophysical Research, which is also available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011294

PREPARATION AND ANALYTICAL STUDY OF RASKARPUR

Parad Murchana is the backbone of Rasashastra which is a branch of Ayurveda.  Murchana signifies the formulations of mercury after Shodhan (purification). Parad can only be utilized therapeutically post Murchana. It is broadly classified into Sagandha (mercury with Gandhak) and Nirgandha (mercury without Gandhak) and each of it is further classified (for better learning) into Kharaliya, Parpati, Pottali and Kupupakva kalpanas, the later being better than the former with respect to its potency and action. This is due to the increased duration of Agni sanskara (heat given) as rightly quoted by Charaka in Charak Sanhita that Sanskar increases Guna (properties). Raskarpur is a Kupipakva-nirgandha kalpana. Nirgandha kalpana have always held a secondary status as compared to the Sagandha as the later are termed safer to use than the former. Mercury when combined with Gandhak (sulphur) becomes stable and less toxic. Nirgandha on the other hand needs to be administered in a proper dosage and for an appropriate duration only. This research is an attempt to study a Nirgandha kalpana and thus Raskarpur was taken . All the various versions of Raskarpur were studied and finally the Rastarangini version was selected. In order to bring uniformity in the drug prepared 2 batches of Raskarpur were prepared. This also helped to standardize the process. It was observed that the compound HgCl was formed at 100-1100. Raskarpur once prepared was tested for confirmation of the compound formed. During analysis 1 market sample was randomly taken and all 3 Raskarpur samples were analysed with their results compared with the standards. It was found that the percentage of Hg was very low as compared to the standards, that of the market sample being the lowest. The reason for the same needs to be evaluated. This study is a first attempt towards studying Raskarpur further research needs to be done using other versions

Design, Simulation of Low Actuation RF MEMS Shunt Switches With Electromagnetic Characterization

Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) is an integration of sensors, actuators, microstructures and microelectronics. Components of MEMS that comprises of moving sub milli-meter sized parts, capable of providing Radio Frequency (RF) functionality are collectively referred as RF MEMS. In this work, low actuation RF MEMS switches have been designed and simulated and they have also been analysed for electromagnetic characterization. The switches so analyzed show an actuation voltage of as low as 2V. The electromagnetic analysis gives an isolation of as high as 55-65dB and a very low insertion loss of 0.01dB. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15068

Uma abordagem de agrupamento de fatores para avaliar as percepções dos residentes em relação ao desenvolvimento do turismo rural sustentável

Rural tourism is now widely embraced and has given rural residents numerous recreational business opportunities to engage in tourism globally. Therefore, they are required to investigate even on a lesser scale. In this regard, a study was conducted to ascertain how locals view sustainable rural tourism development and how these perceptions vary across various demographic categories. The data was gathered from 300 randomly selected Dharbandoda Taluka, Goa, India residents and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and Cluster Analysis. The EFA revealed the five main factors, namely, the public utility services factor, economic factors, social factors, cultural factors, and environmental factors. The factor-cluster analysis results identified the three main clusters: Socio-Environmental, Socio-Economic, and Socio-Cultural Focused. It is revealed that cluster 3 has more respondents who are female, ages between 18 to 25, single, and employed, and have favorable attitudes toward the sustainable development of rural tourism. The study concludes that the region will experience significant growth if more local and natural resources are utilized efficiently.El turismo rural está ahora ampliamente aceptadoy ha brindado a los residentes rurales numerosas oportunidades de negocios recreativos para participar en el turismo a nivel mundial y, por lo tanto, se requiere investigar incluso a menor escala. En este sentido, se llevó a cabo un estudio para determinar cómo ven los lugareños el desarrollo sostenible del turismo rural y cómo varían estas percepciones entre las distintas categorías demográficas. Los datos se recopilaron de 300 residentes seleccionados al azar de Dharbandoda Taluka, Goa, India, y se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva, análisis factorial exploratorio (EFA) y análisis de conglomerados. La EFA reveló los cinco factores principales, a saber, el Factor de Servicios de Utilidad Pública, el Factor Económico, el Factor Social, el Factor Cultural y el Factor Ambiental. Los resultados del análisis de conglomerados factoriales identificaron los tres conglomerados principales, que incluyen: Socio-Ambiental, Socioeconómico y Centrado en la Comunidad. Se revela que el grupo 3 tiene más encuestados, que son mujeres, con edades entre 18 y 25 años, solteras y empleadas que tienen actitudes favorables hacia el desarrollo sostenible del turismo rural. El estudio concluye que la región experimentará un crecimiento significativo si se utilizan más recursos locales y naturales de manera eficiente.O turismo rural é agora amplamente adotado e tem dado aos residentes rurais inúmeras oportunidades de negócios recreativos para se envolverem no turismo globalmente e, portanto, necessário investigar mesmo em menor escala. A este respeito, foi realizado um estudo para verificar como os habitantes locais vêem o desenvolvimento sustentável do turismo rural e como estas perceções variam entre várias categorias demográficas. Os dados foram coletados de 300 residentes selecionados aleatoriamente de Dharbandoda Taluka, Goa, Índia, e analisados usando estatística descritiva, Análise Fatorial Exploratória (EFA) e Análise de Cluster. A EFA revelou os cinco principais fatores, a saber, Fator Serviços de Utilidade Pública, Fator Ecômico, Fator Social, Fator Cultural e Fator Ambiental. Os resultados da análise fatorial-cluster identificaram os três principais clusters que incluem: Socioambiental, Socioeconômico e Focado na Comunidade. Revela-se que o cluster 3 tem mais entrevistados, sendo mulheres, com idades entre 18 e 25 anos, solteiras e empregadas tiveram atitudes favoráveis ao desenvolvimento sustentável do turismo rural. O estudo conclui que a região experimentará um crescimento significativo se mais recursos locais e naturais forem utilizados de forma eficiente

First narrow-band search for continuous gravitational waves from known pulsars in advanced detector data

Spinning neutron stars asymmetric with respect to their rotation axis are potential sources of continuous gravitational waves for ground-based interferometric detectors. In the case of known pulsars a fully coherent search, based on matched filtering, which uses the position and rotational parameters obtained from electromagnetic observations, can be carried out. Matched filtering maximizes the signalto- noise (SNR) ratio, but a large sensitivity loss is expected in case of even a very small mismatch between the assumed and the true signal parameters. For this reason, narrow-band analysis methods have been developed, allowing a fully coherent search for gravitational waves from known pulsars over a fraction of a hertz and several spin-down values. In this paper we describe a narrow-band search of 11 pulsars using data from Advanced LIGO’s first observing run. Although we have found several initial outliers, further studies show no significant evidence for the presence of a gravitational wave signal. Finally, we have placed upper limits on the signal strain amplitude lower than the spin-down limit for 5 of the 11 targets over the bands searched; in the case of J1813-1749 the spin-down limit has been beaten for the first time. For an additional 3 targets, the median upper limit across the search bands is below the spin-down limit. This is the most sensitive narrow-band search for continuous gravitational waves carried out so far

The Influence of Physical Therapy on Functional Outcomes in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Clinical Observational Study

Objective: By measuring pain relief, improved joint function, and improved knee-related quality of life, this clinical observational study sought to determine the effects of physical therapy on functional outcomes in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods: This 12-month trial included 200 adult KOA patients. Baseline WOMAC and KOOS scores, medical history, and demographic information were gathered. The physical therapy regimen was followed by the participants. Using paired t-tests, changes in WOMAC and KOOS scores were examined. Results: Patients experienced significant pain reduction (50% decrease in WOMAC pain score), significant joint function improvement (75% increase in WOMAC physical function score), and improved knee-related quality of life (ranging from 40% to 60% improvements in KOOS domains) after physical therapy. Conclusion: The findings are consistent with the body of research and demonstrate how physical therapy can enhance the functional outcomes of KOA patients. The observed clinical gains highlight the practical applicability of physical therapy in the treatment of KOA. Physical therapy programmes that target pain, joint function, and quality of life may be a beneficial non-invasive treatment choice for KOA patients. These results need to be confirmed by additional research in order to guide therapeutic practise, particularly RCTs and long-term follow-up studies