Will COVID-19 mark the end of an egalitarian NHS?

The exceptional circumstances brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic have affected the traditional organisation of healthcare resources allocation in the UK. Since its inception, the National Health Service (NHS) has aimed to regulate risks of ill health in the population by providing an equal and universal provision of healthcare services to residents based on their health status rather than their ability to pay. The rapid spread of this new virus has, however, triggered a shift in paradigm from an egalitarian allocation of healthcare resources to a utilitarian approach, which has led to discussions about society’s greatest taboos: death and dying and the economic value of individuals’ health

Prison-based Education and Its New Pedagogical Perspective

This article presents how unconventional teaching environments, such as the prison system, can participate in the elaboration of new pedagogical methods and, in the process, reveal the diverse responses of marginalized groups to the study of the law. Over the course of this article, I provide valuable insight about underexplored teaching techniques to academics seeking to open up their approach beyond traditional methods. Through this partially reflective piece, I relay my experience as a law instructor in a maximum security prison, and demonstrate how those who have bore the brunt of the law can still think critically about legal topics. I also support the idea that by taking in the perspectives of peripheral groups, legal educators will be led to use innovative methods to deliver legal knowledge. Essentially this article explores the intersection between legal pedagogy and the prison system to uncover a site previously neglected by conventional work on criminology and education. Pointing out how experiencing the law differently can shape individual interpretations of legal knowledge, I hope to situate learning within a larger criminological process

Equilibrium route to colloidal gellation: mixtures of hard sphere-like colloids

The binodals and the non-ergodicity lines of a binary mixture of hard sphere-like particles with large size ratio are computed for studying the interplay between dynamic arrest and phase separation in depletion-driven colloidal mixtures. Contrarily to the case of hard core plus short range effective attraction, physical gellation without competition with the fluid-phase separation can occur in such mixtures. This behavior due to the oscillations in the depletion potential should concern all simple mixtures with non-ideal depletant, justifying further studies of their dynamic properties

FEASIBILITY OF AN OKLAHOMA FRESH GREENS AND COWPEAS PACKING COOPERATIVE

Oklahoma's green producers are not benefiting from a growing fresh market. In order to seize the opportunities offered by the growing fresh market for leafy greens, investment in packing facilities have been evaluated. To make use of these facilities during summer months, the addition of a cowpea shelling enterprise is considered. A business plan for a new generation cooperative is estimated using an updated version of "The Packing Simulation Model" (PACKSIM) The business associates PACKSIM with @RISK®, to incorporate risks in the financial analysis.Agribusiness,

DPA on quasi delay insensitive asynchronous circuits: formalization and improvement

The purpose of this paper is to formally specify a flow devoted to the design of Differential Power Analysis (DPA) resistant QDI asynchronous circuits. The paper first proposes a formal modeling of the electrical signature of QDI asynchronous circuits. The DPA is then applied to the formal model in order to identify the source of leakage of this type of circuits. Finally, a complete design flow is specified to minimize the information leakage. The relevancy and efficiency of the approach is demonstrated using the design of an AES crypto-processor.Comment: Submitted on behalf of EDAA (http://www.edaa.com/

Health Law Outside its Traditional Frontiers: “Trading” Medical Tourism for Just Health Care in the Post-Brexit Context

The number of British patients travelling beyond the frontiers of their health care jurisdiction to receive medical treatment has recently increased because of scarcer resources and unreasonable waiting times in NHS health care facilities. As the United Kingdom prepares for its departure from the European Union, the fl ows of medi- cal tourists seeking health care in EU member states may become the object of important negotiations. The unbounded phenomenon of medical tourism in the atypical political and economic context of Brexit represents a unique opportunity to conceptualize solutions beyond the traditional frontiers of health care law. Thus, this paper proposes to take an unprecedented approach using a sociological framework based on Niklas Luhmann’s work on autopoietic systems to examine the current European legal frame- work on cross-border health care services and to formulate a concrete policy proposal to achieve greater social justice in health care using marketplace and trade dynamics. A bilateral treaty on cross-border health care services taking the form of a public procurement could uphold universality of care and equality in treatment in the United Kingdom and participating European member states. Established contracts would offer a sustainable solution to issues of continuity of care, medical malpractice and may lead to signifi cant cost reduction in health care

3-hydroxykynurenine suppresses CD4+ T-cell proliferation, induces T-regulatory-cell development, and prolongs corneal allograft survival

Copyright © 2011 Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology. This article is available open access through the publisher’s website at the link below.Purpose. IDO (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) modulates the immune response by depletion of the essential amino acid tryptophan, and IDO overexpression has been shown to prolong corneal allograft survival. This study was conducted to examine the effect of kynurenines, the products of tryptophan breakdown and known to act directly on T lymphocytes, on corneal graft survival. Methods. The effects of kynurenines on T-cell proliferation and death, T-regulatory-cell development, and dendritic cell function, phenotype, and viability were analyzed in vitro. The effect of topical and systemic administration of 3-hydroxykynurenine (3HK) on orthotopic murine corneal allograft survival was examined. Results. T-lymphocyte proliferation was inhibited by two of the four different kynurenines: 3HK and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3HAA). This effect was accompanied by significant T-cell death. Neither 3HK nor 3HAA altered dendritic cell function, nor did they induce apoptosis or pathogenicity to corneal endothelial cells. Administration of systemic and topical 3HK to mice receiving a fully mismatched corneal graft resulted in significant prolongation of graft survival (median survival of control grafts, 12 days; of treated, 19 and 15 days, respectively; P < 0.0003). While systemic administration of 3HK was associated with a significant depletion of CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and B lymphocytes in peripheral blood, no depletion was found after topical administration. Conclusions. The production of kynurenines, in particular 3HK and 3HAA, may be one mechanism (in addition to tryptophan depletion) by which IDO prolongs graft survival. These molecules have potential as specific agents for preventing allograft rejection in patients at high rejection risk.Fight for Sight and the Wellcome Trust

Why Should We Use Online Research Methods? Four Doctoral Health Student Perspectives.

The growth of the Internet has led to an increase in researchers utilizing online methods. Online communities such as forums, blogs, and video platforms are particularly useful for research involving populations that are Internet savvy, seldom heard or discussing sensitive or illicit behavior. Drawing upon the experiences of four doctoral health students who are using online methods, this article discusses the value and benefits of conducting online research as well as the limitations and difficulties encountered. Consideration is given to the methodological and ethical implications of online research. Our own research leads us to reflect on participants' perceptions of what is public, preserving anonymity and protecting participants from harm

Adaptation Algorithm and Theory Based on Generalized Discrepancy

We present a new algorithm for domain adaptation improving upon a discrepancy minimization algorithm previously shown to outperform a number of algorithms for this task. Unlike many previous algorithms for domain adaptation, our algorithm does not consist of a fixed reweighting of the losses over the training sample. We show that our algorithm benefits from a solid theoretical foundation and more favorable learning bounds than discrepancy minimization. We present a detailed description of our algorithm and give several efficient solutions for solving its optimization problem. We also report the results of several experiments showing that it outperforms discrepancy minimization