Effect of Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3) Nanoparticles Addition into Lubricating Oil on Tribological Performance

Minimizing friction and wear in between mating parts is the main concern in the field of tribological studies. Lubricants with improved tribological properties are continuously explored for minimizing friction and wear. In the present work, an attempt has been made to evaluate the effect of the addition of aluminium oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles as lubricant additives on the tribological performance of base lubricant oil (SAE10W40) using four-ball tester. Weight in the percentage of Al2O3 nanoparticles was added in base oil and evaluated the effect of additives on wear preventive characteristic and coefficient of friction of base lubricant oil. Integrated Taguchi-Grey relational approach is implemented to obtain the optimum combination of load and % wt. of Al2O3 nanoparticle addition for improving the tribological performance of base lubricant oil. With a load of 250 N and 0.5 wt% of Al2O3 nanoparticles shows an optimum combination for the improved tribological performance of base oil. The wear scar diameter and coefficient of friction found to be reduced by 20.75 % and 22.67 % respectively with the addition of 0.5 wt% of Al2O3 nanoparticles in base lubricant oil. The lubrication performance seems to be improved because of mending effect and ball bearing effect of Al2O3 nanoparticles forming a self-protective film on the friction surface

Wear performance optimization of Silicon Nitride using Genetic and simulated annealing algorithm

Replacing damaged joint with the suitable alternative material is a prime requirement in a patient who has arthritis. Generation of wear particles in the artificial joint during action or movement is a serious issue and leads to aseptic loosening of joint. Research in the field of bio-tribology is trying to evaluate materials with minimum wear volume loss so as to extend joint life. Silicon nitride (Si3N4) is non-oxide ceramic suggested as a new alternative for hip/knee joint replacement. Hexagonal Boron Nitride (hBN) is recommended as a solid additive lubricant to improve the wear performance of Si3N4. In this paper, an attempt has been made to evaluate the optimum combination of load and % volume of hBN in Si3N4 to minimize wear volume loss (WVL). The experiments were conducted according to Design of Experiments (DoE)–Taguchi method and a mathematical model is developed. Further, this model is processed with Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Simulated Annealing (SA) to find out the optimum percentage of hBN in Si3N4 to minimize wear volume loss against Alumina (Al2O3) counterface. Taguchi method presents 15 N load and 8% volume of hBN to minimize WVL of Si3N4. While GA and SA optimization offer 11.08 N load, 12.115% volume of hBN and 11.0789 N load, 12.128% volume of hBN respectively to minimize WVL in Si3N4

Parameter optimization in milling of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) using DOE-Taguchi method

Introduction: Optimization of machining parameters is essential for improving expected outcome of any machining operation. Case Description: The aim of this work is to find out optimum values of machining parameters to achieve minimal surface roughness during milling operation of GFRP. Discussion and Evaluation: In this machining operation speed, depth of cut and feed rate are considered as parameters affecting surface roughness and Design of Experiment (DOE)-Taguchi method tool is used to plan experiments and analyse results. Conclusion: Analysis of experimental results presents optimum values of these three parameters to achieve minimal surface roughness with speed as a major contributing factor. Speed—200 rpm, depth of cut—1.2 mm and feed—40 mm/min are an optimal combination of machining parameter to produce minimal surface roughness during milling of GFRP

Optimization of wear loss in silicon nitride (Si3N4)–hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) composite using DoE–Taguchi method

Introduction The contacting surfaces subjected to progressive loss of material known as ‘wear,’ which is unavoidable between contacting surfaces. Similar kind of phenomenon observed in the human body in various joints where sliding/rolling contact takes place in contacting parts, leading to loss of material. This is a serious issue related to replaced joint or artificial joint. Case description Out of the various material combinations proposed for artificial joint or joint replacement Si3N4 against Al2O3 is one of in ceramic on ceramic category. Minimizing the wear loss of Si3N4 is a prime requirement to avoid aseptic loosening of artificial joint and extending life of joint. Discussion and evaluation In this paper, an attempt has been made to investigate the wear loss behavior of Si3N4–hBN composite and evaluate the effect of hBN addition in Si3N4 to minimize the wear loss. DoE–Taguchi technique is used to plan and analyze experiments. Conclusion Analysis of experimental results proposes 15 N load and 8 % of hBN addition in Si3N4 is optimum to minimize wear loss against alumina

Application of nanoparticles as additive for lubricant nano-materials in tribology

Background: Friction and wear are one of the major causes of failure of mechanism and machines in the field of Engineering. To overcome this problem, lubricants are provided in the engineering system. Lubricants are derived from synthetic hydrocarbon blends or mineral oils. Lubricants help to minimize friction and wear in contacting surface in order to reduce friction and minimize power loss. In certain situation, lubricants fail to satisfy their lubricating properties. In order to improve the attributes of lubricants, such as improving anti-oxidation capability, thermal properties, and tribological characteristic, a few additives can be added to the base oil. Objective: In the field of tribology, nanotechnology offers the opportunity for improving the performance of lubricant oil using nano-additives. The addition of nanoparticles to base oil will enhance the certain characteristic of lubricant oil, such as improving friction and wear resistance, improving load carrying capacity etc. This review presents the nano-additives in the field of lubricant industry. This review covers the various nano-additives and their application in the field of lubricant industry. Method: With a thorough review of literature in the field of tribology, nanotechnology and lubricants, various nano-additives and their advantages are discussed

Integrated Taguchi-artificial neural network approach for modeling and optimization of wear performance of Si 3 N 4 -hBN composite

During action or movement in the artificial joint there is generation of wear particles creating a serious issue like aseptic loosening of joint. Silicon nitride (Si3N4) is proposed as an alternative material for knee/hip joint replacement. Si3N4 against steel (ASTM 316L) is a material combination in the category of Ceramic on Metal (CoM) for artificial joint. The work covered in this paper, try to obtain the optimum value of % hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) by volume to be mixed in Si3N4 to reduce wear against steel. The experiments were planned as per Design of Experiments (DoE) – Taguchi method to obtain the optimum combination of % volume of hBN and load. Taguchi analysis presents 12% volume of hBN and 15N load is optimum to minimize wear loss. Using experimental results, artificial neural network (ANN) model trained, tested and implemented to predict results of volumetric wear loss (VWL) at different loading condition

Osteomas of the craniofacial region: A case series and review of literature

Objective: 0 To discuss the clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of osteomas involving the craniomaxillofacial region. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted from June 2004 to March 2012 at our institute. A total of 12 cases between the ages of 10 and 50 years were managed with surgical excision and reconstruction. The criteria used to diagnose osteoma included radiographic and clinical features and histological confirmation of the specimen. The total follow-up period ranged from 6 to 24 months. Results: Out of 12 osteomas, 10 were peripheral and 2 were centrally located. Mandible involvement was seen in six patients, four involved the orbit, one the frontal bone and one the frontal bone with the skull base. All patients undergoing excision and reconstruction had a favourable aesthetic and functional outcome. There were no recurrences and no post-operative complications. Conclusion: Osteomas affect all age groups with no sex predilection and are usually clinically asymptomatic till they become large in size. Surgical excision and appropriate reconstruction is the mainstay of management. Surgery is indicated when lesion is symptomatic or actively growing and the surgical approach for exposure of the lesion should be case specific