Problems of Internet Addiction and Its Effects on the Life Style of University Students

The enormous growth of technology and innovations that rules today’s world has become an inevitable sophistication for every human being. Today Internet facility has become a complementary aspect for transforming and disseminating the new innovations. Internet is now a highly accessible and affordable facility even for a common man of any society. However the internet also has made many youths and children to be more dependent on it which started giving adverse effort and even many leading forums stated alarming thissituation. In this circumstance thisstudy has been initiated to examinethe level of Internet addiction and Interpersonal problemsof University students. It also covers effects in their life stylepatterns and behavior based on the level of Internet addiction of Student’s studying in PMU. Internet addition (IA) is a new disorder described in 1996 by the psychologist Kimberly Young. There are many studies about internet use and internet addition and it is one of the things that influence our daily life. The researcher has adopted descriptive cum diagnostic research design for the study. The universe were 302 final year student’sfrom 12 departments ofPeriyarManiammaiUniversity,Vallam, Thanjavur , while 50 students are the respondents for this study . Convenient random sampling has been used to select the final respondents of the study. The tool developed by Kimberly Young in 1996, namely Internet Addiction Test (IAT) Demographic factors (age, gender and grade of level) were administrated to measure the internet addition and Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistic. It is alarming that the result shows the levels of excessive users among the respondents are frequent users. The result of the study reveals many facts that the student’s are spending too much of time on internet, unnecessarily accessing the internet without any purpose, too much of money spend for internet, leads in reducing their sleeping hours and gets very little time for sleeping , lack of face to face interaction in their family, absence of interpersonal communication. Therefore the study alarms that the internet addiction is changing the life style of the student’s and may have a negative effect in the days to come. Keywords: Internet Addiction, Effects of Internet, Excessive Internet usage, Student Life Styl

Pack bonding - a low cost method to improve the wear resistance of steels / S. Darius Gnanaraj … [et al.]

A relatively new, low cost technique, pack bonding is presented for increasing the wear resistance of steels used in machine components. The borided and unbonded specimens were subjected to wear tests under the same conditions and using a pin-on-disc test rig and the results are compared. Other important tests like optical microscopy, microhardness tests were carried out for a comparative study. It was found that bonding significantly improves hardness and trihological behaviour of mild steel. The wear resistance of borided steel is 40% higher than mild steel and the frictional force offered by borided specimen is 70% higher than mild steel. The optical microscope shows that one layer of borite is formed which results in improved wear resistance considering the cost and quality. Pack bonding is a low cost surface hardening process, which can be profitably employed to decrease the wear in steel components in moving parts in machinery

A Psychological Rendition of Toni Morrison’s Bildungsroman novel, Song of Solomon

Toni Morrison became the first Black woman to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature. Her works have been a source of transformation in its writing and rewriting of black life, its history and culture. Toni Morrison’s novels touch and explain deeply on the domestic ideas like family, culture and relationships. The author develops on the serious matter of familial dysfunction of the African- American community in her works, especially Song of Solomon and Sula. This paper focuses on the deterioration of family relations in Song of Solomon. Song of Solomon explains Morrison's attachment to black life, culture and relationships and scrutinizes the role of African Americans in relation to white society, the slavery and the experience of blacks in America. Hence this paper which follows the psychoanalytic method unwinds the plight of people who struggle in dysfunctional social set-up and the trauma and pain of the characters, both physically and psychologically

Integrating Layered Thermal Management in Solar Still-Pond Systems for Optimal Water Purification

This study presents a solar still integrated with a solar pond, employing a layered thermal management system to enhance water distillation efficiency. The design includes an Upper Converting Layer (UCL) for rapid heat absorption, a Middle Converting Layer (MCL) for consistent heat transfer, and a Lower Converting Layer (LCL) for sustained thermal retention, achieving respective thermal efficiencies of 50%, 71%, and 86%. The system improves distillate yield by 35% compared to conventional methods, ensuring continuous operation even at night. Cost-effectiveness is demonstrated through reduced energy input, and enhanced thermal design supports higher output in regions with intense solar radiation. Experimental results show significant improvements in evaporation rates, condensation cycles, and overall productivity. This layered approach effectively addresses water scarcity by providing a sustainable and scalable desalination solution for rural and industrial applications, ensuring environmental and economic viability in high-demand regions

Impact of vision impairment and self-reported barriers to vision care: The views of elders in Nuwara Eliya district, Sri Lanka

The growing burden of vision impairment (VI) among older people is a development challenge in Asian countries. This study aimed to understand older people’s views and experiences about the impact of VI and barriers to eye care to inform policies to address this challenge. We conducted 12 focus group discussions in 2013 with retired Tamil and Sinhala elders in Nuwara Eliya district, Sri Lanka (n = 107). Data were analysed thematically. Older people described the broad impacts VI has on their lives. They worry about becoming dependent. VI restricts their ability to contribute to their families and communities, access information, socialise, maintain their health, and earn. Barriers to eye care services include transport difficulties, costs of treatment, fear, lack of knowledge, waiting times, and health staff attitudes. Older people experience and fear the impacts of VI on their health and well-being. Eye health promotion and care services need strengthening and integration with the primary health care system to address the backlog and growing need among older people in an equitable way. Older people should be consulted about how to overcome the economic, social, and cultural barriers to access to eye care and to minimise the impact of VI

Innovative Azimuth Tracking for Multi-Directional Inclined Basin Solar Desalination Systems

The paper presents a multi-directional inclined compartmental basin solar desalination system with a unique design aimed at enhancing water purification through solar energy. The system consists of a central basin surrounded by four inclined compartmental basins, each equipped with a thick glass cover of 4 mm tilted at a 30° angle to facilitate condensation. Techniques such as one-step azimuth tracking are employed, where the entire setup is rotated 15° daily to optimize solar exposure, improving distillate productivity. The methodology includes the construction of basins with pyramid-like structures to concentrate solar energy, increase water temperature rapidly, and maintain it for prolonged periods. Experimental tests were conducted at different orientations (0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90°), measuring yields across basins and analyzing the effects of solar radiation and temperature. This innovative system, leveraging azimuth tracking and optimized basin configurations, offers a supportable solution for potable water production in solar-rich areas. The study’s results show that the multi-directional solar desalination system achieved its highest yield of 20.305 liters/day at a 0° orientation, with Basin 1 (south-facing) producing 5.780 liters/day. Rotating the setup to different angles (e.g., 15°, 30°) yielded minor increases (up to 0.90%) in overall productivity due to optimized solar exposure. The findings confirm that one-step azimuth tracking enhances daily distillate production in solar-rich environments

Revolutionizing Water Purification: Advanced Membrane Technologies for Enhanced Solar Distillation

This study explores the development and performance evaluation of modified double-slope solar still (MDSS) configurations using recyclable materials. The objectives include improving water yield, thermal efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Experimental data were collected hourly under typical climatic conditions, focusing on parameters such as material type and operational modes. Results indicate significant improvements in water productivity, with the MDSS-Al-S700 achieving a daily yield of 7,527 mL.m- ² and a thermal efficiency of 45.7%. The cost per liter was reduced to ₹0.014, demonstrating remarkable economic viability. The findings highlight MDSS systems as sustainable and scalable solutions for addressing water scarcity, with enhanced environmental payback times and reduced carbon emissions. These advancements underline the potential of MDSS systems to align with global sustainability goals while ensuring affordability and efficiency

Fertility enhancement using P-24 and fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocol in repeat breeder buffaloes

Pluriparous repeat breeding Murrah buffaloes (20) were randomly divided into 2 groups, viz. control and treatment group. Control group buffaloes were inseminated on day 0 and 1 of oestrus cycle whereas treatment group buffaloes were treated with P- 24 and FTAI protocol. A significantly higher conception rate was obtained in treatment group when compared to the control group. P-24 and FTAI protocol increased the conception rate in repeat breeding buffaloes

No frugal innovation without frugal evaluation: the Global IDEAL Sub-Framework

Objective: The Global IDEAL Sub-Framework Study aimed to combine the intended effects of the 2009/2019 IDEAL (Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, Long-term study) Framework recommendations on evaluating surgical innovation with the vision outlined by the 2015 Lancet Commission on Global Surgery to provide recommendations for evaluating surgical innovation in low-resource environments. Design: A mixture of methods including an online global survey and semistructured interviews (SSIs). Quantitative data were summarized with descriptive statistics and qualitative data were analyzed using the Framework Method. Participants: Surgeons and surgical researchers from any country. Main outcome measures: Findings were used to suggest the nature of adaptations to the IDEAL Framework to address the particular problems of evaluation in low-resource settings. Results: The online survey yielded 66 responses representing experience from 40 countries, and nine individual SSIs were conducted. Most respondents (n=49; 74.2%) had experience evaluating surgical technologies across a range of life cycle stages. Innovation was most frequently adopted based on colleague recommendation or clinical evaluation in other countries. Four themes emerged, centered around: frugal innovation in technological development; evaluating the same technology/innovation in different contexts; additional methodologies important in evaluation of surgical innovation in low/middle-income countries; and support for low-income country researchers along the evaluation pathway. Conclusions: The Global IDEAL Sub-Framework provides suggestions for modified IDEAL recommendations aimed at dealing with the special problems found in this setting. These will require validation in a stakeholder consensus forum, and qualitative assessment in pilot studies. From assisting researchers with identification of the correct evaluation stage, to providing context-specific recommendations relevant to the whole evaluation pathway, this process will aim to develop a comprehensive and applicable set of guidance that will benefit surgical innovation and patients globally

Underreporting of gender-based violence in Kerala, India : an application of the list randomization method

This paper analyzes the incidence and extent to which domestic violence and physical harassment on public/private buses is underreported in Kerala, India, using the list randomization technique. The results indicate that the level of underreporting is over nine percentage points for domestic violence and negligible for physical harassment on public/private buses. Urban households, especially poor urban households, tend to have higher levels of incidence of domestic violence. Further, women and those who are professionally educated tend to underreport more than others. Underreporting is also higher among the youngest and oldest age cohorts. For physical harassment on public/private buses, rural population -- especially the rural non --poor and urban females—tend to underreport compared with the rural poor and urban males