ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENDAPATAN PEDAGANG PENGECER IKAN DI KABUPATEN ACEH BARAT

Hendri Gusli Yenni, S. Analisis Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pendapatan Pedagang Pengecer Ikan di Kabupaten Aceh Barat"Pembimbing Ir M Nassir Hawy, M Si sebagar pembmmbing utama an Ir Ismayami, M Si sebagat pembimbing keduaPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis besarnya pengaruh modal, volume pembelian, harga jual dan biaya transportasi terhadap pendapatan dari pedagang pengecer ikan Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survey. Penentuan pedagang sampel dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling (secara acak sederhana). Besar sampel yang diambil adalah 18 sampel atau50% dari total pedagang yang ada di setiap daerah penelitian yaitu desa Meureubo kecamatan Meureubo diambil 6 sampel dari 12 pedagang yang ada, desa Drien Ramphang kecamatan Johan Pahlawan sebanyak 7 sampel dari 14 pedagang yang ada dan desa Samatiga kecamatan Samatiga sebanyak 5 sampel dari I0 pedagang yang adaUntuk menguji kebenaran hipotesis yang telah diturunkan maka data yang telah dikumpulkan di lapangan (data primer) diolah dengan menstabulasikannya kemudian dipindahkan dalam bentuk tabelaris sesuai dengan kebutuhan analisis Untuk menguji hipotesis digunakan model Analisis Regresi Linear Berganda.Hasil pengujian secara serempak menunjukkan bahwa modal (X1), volume pembelian (X2), harga jual (X3), dan biaya transportasi (X4), secara serempak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pendapatan pedagang pengecer ikan (Y) di Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Secara parsial, modal berpengaruh, volume pembelian, dan harga jual berpengaruh nyata,seta biaya transportasi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pendapatan pedagang pengencer ikan di kabupaten Aceh barat.Besarnya pendapatan yang di terima oleh para pedagang pengencer ikan di kabupatenAceh Barat ,Yaitu Rp.367.607-per hari per pedagang.Agar dapat meningkatkan kegiatan pemasaran dan luas daerah yang dipasarkan dapat diperluas.Penggunaan komponen biaya sangat diperhitungkan demi mengurangi resiko kehilangannya pendapatan para pedagang pengencer ikan .Perlunya penambahan volume dan meningkatkan penjualan demi peningkatan pendapatan pedagang pengencer ikan

Analysis of plant root properties, texture and porosity that affects landslides in Tangka Sub-Watershed

Abstract Tangka Sub-Watershed in West Sinjai District is one of the sub-watersheds in South Sulawesi, which often experiences landslides. Factors causing landslides were divided into control factors and trigger factors. One of the triggering factors for landslides is the characteristics of soil and plant properties. Several previous research results stated that soil characteristics greatly affect the occurrence of landslides, while plant roots help stabilize soil bonds and slopes. This study aims to determine the triggering factors of the soil (soil texture and porosity) and the distribution of plant roots that affect the occurrence of landslides. Soil texture analysis using hydrometer method. Soil porosity and moisture content using gravimetric and pycnometer methods. The results showed that the soil texture was dominated by silty clay loam impact on low soil cohesion. Intensive land use decreases soil porosity to &lt;50% and increases soil bulk density to 1.4 g/cm3. The soil quickly becomes saturated and could induce the rotting of plant roots. These characteristics increase the vulnerability of the soil, thereby increasing the potential for landslides.</jats:p

Biochar interventions enriched with alginate-producing bacteria support the growth of maize in degraded soils

Abstract Biochar enriched with alginate-producing bacteria increases the ability of the soil to retain air so that it is available for the growth and production of maize in dry land. Pot experiments with mixed clay media with three types of biochar from oil palm shells, oil palm empty fruit bunches and corncob were conducted to study the interaction of biochar and alginate-producing bacteria (alginate production, phosphate solvent and nitrogen fixation) water (100%, 80% and 60%) on the growth of corn plants. Experimental results prove biochar factors, alginate-producing bacterial isolates and field capacity differ significantly from the vegetative phase of corn. Biochar interaction of corncobs with water at 100% lands capacity produces the best crops, but produces leaf area at 80% field capacity. While the interaction of corncob biochar with N-binding bacterial isolates produced the highest number of leaves. Correlation between variables that use role, biochar on the efficiency of water use for maize growth, where plant height, leaf number, leaf number and dry weight are negatively correlated with KAKL. This study provides the latest synthesis to discuss the use of biochar and bacteria as a strategy to increase support for food production of dry land that increases degradation.</jats:p

Soil quality significance of goat pens positioned on the hilltop of sloping cocoa farms in Polman-Sulawesi

Abstract Many smallholder cocoa farmers in Polman, West Sulawesi-Indonesia breed goats traditionally on hilltop of the sloped cocoa farms. The goat’s manure is deposited under the pens, not distributed on the farm. We investigated the significance of this traditional goat breeding on the hilltop of sloping cocoa farms on soil quality based on the distance from the pens along the slope direction. We selected three sloped-cocoa farms where this traditional model had been practiced for years. The farms studied had 30 to 70% slopes, clay loam to clay soil textures. Along a transect lane, 0-5, 5-10, and 10-15 meters from the pen on each farm, we measured soil bulk density, hydraulic conductivity (HC), soil organic carbon (SOC), pH, soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, cation exchangeable capacity (CEC) and earthworm population. This traditional practice improved soil quality compared to the adjacent farms which were not affected by the practice (control). Soil HC, SOC, N, P, K and CEC, and earthworm population were markedly higher under this system compared to the control, especially at 0 to 5 m distance from the manure deposit. The beneficial effects of this system were limited only within 10 m from the pens, beyond which soil quality was practically similar to the control site. This traditional system may be considered as an appropriate practice for soil quality maintenance in sloping cocoa farm, but an improvement is needed for greater benefits and reduced risks through terrace construction and manure deposition every 5-10 m range along the slope.</jats:p

Soil Organic Matter, Mitigation of and Adaptation to Climate Change in Cocoa–Based Agroforestry Systems

Belowground roles of agroforestry in climate change mitigation (C storage) and adaptation (reduced vulnerability to drought) are less obvious than easy-to-measure aspects aboveground. Documentation on these roles is lacking. We quantified the organic C concentration (Corg) and soil physical properties in a mountainous landscape in Sulawesi (Indonesia) for five land cover types: secondary forest (SF), multistrata cocoa–based agroforestry (CAF) aged 4–5 years (CAF4), 10–12 years (CAF10), 17–34 years (CAF17), and multistrata (mixed fruit and timber) agroforest (MAF45) aged 45–68 years. With four replicate plots per cover type, we measured five pools of C-stock according to IPCC guidelines, soil bulk density (BD), macro porosity (MP), hydraulic conductivity (Ks), and available water capacity of the soil (AWC). The highest C-stock, in SF, was around 320 Mg ha−1, the lowest, 74 Mg ha−1, was in CAF4, with the older agroforestry systems being intermediate with 120 to 150 Mg ha−1. Soil compaction after forest conversion led to increased BD and reduced MP, Ks, and AWC. Older agroforestry partly recovered buffering: AWC per m of rooted soil profile increased by 5.7 mm per unit (g kg−1) increase of Corg. The restored AWC can support about a week’s worth of evapotranspiration without rain, assisting in climate change adaptation

Soil carbon stocks in Indonesian (agro) forest transitions: Compaction conceals lower carbon concentrations in standard accounting

Soil changes matter for the global carbon (C) balance although belowground response to land use change is slower and less obvious than that aboveground. Impacts of changes from natural forest to a range of intermediate tree-based land uses (‘agroforestry’) and non-tree agriculture remain contested. Standard C-stock accounting for a fixed sampling depth depends on changes in both Corg concentrations and bulk density, often with opposite effects. Confounding factors that, beyond current vegetation, influence Corg (soil texture, minerology, drainage, elevation and soil pH) may also influence bulk density. Because land use may not be random with respect to inherent soil properties, differences in soil C-stock between land uses can have multiple causes. We compiled and analysed data from six landscapes in Indonesia (volcanic and other mineral soils; Sumatra, Kalimantan; Java, Sulawesi) where chronosequences of forest, various agroforestry systems and open-field agriculture had been sampled. Our data analysis (617 samples within 0−30 cm depth; 8 land use types) showed that a pedotransfer function for effects on Corg of texture, elevation and soil pH reduced the relative standard error of means per land use type, reduced the range (Max–Min)/Avg and led to a more consistent pattern in apparent land use effects. Relative to natural forest reductions in Corg concentration in the 0−30 cm layer (corrected for confounding factors) averaged 8–20 % in degraded forest, complex agroforest, oil palm plantations and older forest plantation plots, and 25–30 % in simple agroforestry, monoculture tree crops and woodlots, or over 40 % in non-tree (mostly cropped) plots. However, calculated C-stock change was small due to an observed increase (up to 30 %) of bulk density relative to that of natural forest. This implies that up to 23 % additional Corg became included in the soil sampling, resulting in a non-negligible bias (underestimate) in estimated soil carbon loss based on internationally agreed C-stock accounting