Pengaruh Gulma Akuatik Dalam Tapak Penangkaran Jentik-jentik

Pada berbagai genangan air, dari danau sampai air yahg tertampung pada sehelai daun, sering dijumpai jentik-jentik nyamuk. Di samping itu dalam genangan air yang cukup besamya sering terdapat tumbuh-tumbuhan air yang umumnya merupakan gulma. Sebagai penghuni habitat ail yang sama tidak mengherankan bila terjadi hubungan atau saling pengaruh antara tumbuh-tumbuhan dan jentik-jentik tersebut. Beberapa jenis tumbuh-tumbuhan sudah diketahui mempunyai daya bunuh terhadap jentik-jentik nyamuk. Chara,Nitetta dan Utricularia adalah beberapa kelompok tumbuhan rendah yang mempunyai kemampuan sebagai larvisida (Anonim 1973). Akan tetapi kemungkinan tumbuh-tumbuhan tinggi sebagai pengandung daya laivisida belum pernah dijajaki secara tegas (Sen1941). Kenyataan sering didapatinya tumbuhan ail atau gulma pada bermacam-macam bentuk perairan dan pengamatan perorangan yang menyatakan bahwa terdapat kemungkinan pengaruh gulma akuatik terhadap kemampuan wadah untuk menghasilkan nyamuk, merupakan suatu gejala yang perlu dibuktikan kebenarannya secara ilmiah.Pembuktian ini akan bermanfaat dalam kemungkinan penggunaan gejala ini dalam USAha pengendalian populasi nyamuk.Dalam USAha pembuktian ini yang pertama-tama harus dilakukan ialah mengetahui sifat-sifat kualitatif beberapa gulma akuatik terhadap tempat tumbuh jentik-jentik nyamuk.Menuiut Eussen (wawancara pribadi 1975) diketahui adanya eksudan pada beberapa gulma dan pengaruhnya terhadap organisme lain, sebagai contoh eksudan gulma Imperata cylindrica yang menghambat perkecambahan ketimun dan jagung.Macam eksudan yang dikeluarkan dari tiap jenis gulma tidak sama, begitu pula pengaruh macam-macam eksudan itu terhadap organisme lain.Dalam penelitian ini beberapa jenis gulma akuatik dicoba untuk dicari pengaruhnya terhadap tapak penangkaran nyamuk.Dalam percobaan ini digunakan jenis gulma akuatik yang banyak terdapat dalam pertanian, mudah memencar dan tumbuh dalam lingkungan/keadaan ekologi yang bermacam-macam. Selanjutnya perlu diselidiki adanya beberapa gulma akuatik yang mengeluarkan eksudan yang berlainan, baik sebagai penghambat (larvisida) atau pun sebagai penarik (attractant) dan diharapkan eksudan-eksudan itu mempunyai pengaruh yang berbeda terhadap populasi nyamuk.Untuk membedakan pengaruh gulma terhadap tapak penangkaran nyamuk dari pengaruh faktor-faktor lain yang mungkin mempunyai pengaruh sama, dilakukan beberapa percobaan.Percobaan-percobaan ini mencakup perlakuan dengan menggunakan wadah, lokasi, dan ada tidaknya lumpur.Berdasarkan percobaan pendahuluan dapat disimpulkan bahwa warna ember tidak menunjukkan pengaruh terhadap kemampuan nyamuk untuk berbiak pada ember tersebut. Pada percobaan ini yang dihitung dan dianalisis ialah nyamuk dewasa saja, karena tingkat inilah yang sanggup berbiak, menggigit serta menularkan penyakit dan yang menjadi perhatian manusia (BIOTROP 1975).Dalam hal ini jumlah nyamuk induk (imago), telur dan telur yang menetas menjadi larva tidak dihitung, karena segi-segi tersebut sudah di luar ruang lingkup percobaan. Percobaan ini dimaksudkan sebagai penelitian permulaan untuk mengetahui pengaruh gulma akuatik terhadap kemampuan wadah untuk menghasilkan nyamuk

Pengaruh Bahasa Booklet pada Peningkatan Pengetahuan Peternak Sapi Perah Tentang Inseminasi Buatan di Kelurahan Nongkosawit, Kecamatan Gunungpati, Kota Semarang

A research concerning the effect of booklet\u27s language on the dairy farmers knowledge gain regarding artificial insemination had been accomplished in Nongkosawit Village, Gunung Pati District, City of Semarang on April 3 to June 3, 2004. The objective of the research was to determine whether such an extension booklet language created an effect on the dairy farmers\u27 knowledge regarding artificial insemination. Fourty dairy farmers were selected purposively for this research. They were divided into two groups, with 20 members each. The first group was exposed to the first version of the booklet written Javanese, and the second group was exposed to the second version of the booklet written in bahasa Indonesia. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data collected. The results pointed out that the effect of the booklets\u27 languages on the dairy farmers\u27 knowledge gains about artificial insemination was not significant at alpha equal to 0.05

The Effects of the Economics, Social, Environment, Lay-out of the City and Public Order Upon the Performance of the Public Culinary Stalls / Pkl

The public culinary stalls (PKL) are an informal economic sector that have been evolving in big cities especially in Bogor. The Government is obliged to manage and arrange the public culinary stalls in order not to disturb the society, lay-out of the city, and public order. Public Cullinary Stalls have been increasing the society economics and supporting the government relating to jobs opportunities. This research aims to discover: 1) the profile of public culinary stalls 2) a simultaneous effects of the aspects of economics, social, environment, lay-out of the city and public order aspects upon PKL performances, and 3) a partial effects of the aspects of economics, social, environment, lay-out of the city and public order upon PKL performance The research has been applying a qualitative and quantitative approach. Data collection has been obtained through the questionnaires distribution, the observation and depth interview. The research has determined that the economics, society, environment, lay-out of the city an, public order factors have been affecting simultaneously and partially the performance of PKL

Pengaruh Sistem Olah Tanah Dan Aplikasi Mulsa Bagas Pada Pertanaman Tebu (Saccharum Officinarum L.) Terhadap Populasi Mikroorganisme Pelarut Fosfat Di PT. GMP Lampung Tengah

Sugarcane plantation atPT Gunung Madu Plantation (GMP) has done intensive tillage since 1975. To maintain sustainable production and soil fertility is necessary to manage soil according to good soil conservation. The good choice to maintaince soil quality is no-tillage and mulching system. The research was carried out since July 2010,phosphate solubilizing microorganismwere observedat9 and 12 months after ratoon one, in April and July 2012. The research was designed as a split plot with a randomized block design (RBD) with 5 replications . Main plot are tillage system that consists of no-tillage (T0) and tillage (T1). The subplots were application of baggase mulch. Consisting ofwithout bagasse mulch application (M0) andwith 80 t ha-1baggase mulch (M1). Data were analyzed by analysis of variance at the level of 1% and 5%, which previously had been analyzed with the Bartlett test forHomogeneity and Additivity with Tukey test, and followed by LSD test at the level of 1% and 5%. The results showed that the tillage system and bagasse mulch application did not give significant effect on the population of phosphate solubilizing microorganism. Correlation test results showed that the phosphate solubilizing microorganism population has no correlation with organic C, total N, soil pH, soil moisture, soil temperature, and available P

Gambaran Kondisi Sanitasi Lingkungandan Perilaku Santri Terkait Penyakit Skabies (Studi di Pondok Pesantren Darussalam Banyuwangi)

Scabies generally attacks people who live in groups such as in dormitories Darussalam Islamic Boarding School of Banyuwangi found many students had a history of scabies.This study objected to describe the incidence of scabies, environmental sanitation, and behavior of moslem students in Darussalam Islamic Boarding School of Banyuwangi.This research is descriptive research type through cross-sectional approach.The research subjects were moslem students who settled in the dormitory Darussalam Islamic Boarding School of Banyuwangi. Samples taken as many as 102 moslem students using proportional random sampling technique.The results showed thatscabies had attacked 84.3% moslem students, most of the respondents have a good knowledge about scabies disease (48%), positive attitudetowards scabies disease (94.1%), exchanging personal equipments with other students, settled a room with relatively poor sanitary conditions (96.1%), and no evidence of mites in the water bathing pool moslem students. It is advisable to carry out activities to improve knowledge, encouragement to behave clean and healthy living, as well as the improvement of boarding facilities comply with health standards

Pola Spasial Permukiman Kampung 99 Pepohonan Di Cinere, Depok

Permukiman Kampung 99 Pepohonan dibentuk secara komunal oleh sekelompok orang yang bervisi sama. Permukiman ini memiliki karakteristik unik yang terlihat pada kehidupan sosial, aktivitas penduduk dan kondisi lingkungan alamnya.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi pola spasial pada permukiman serta faktor-faktor yamg mempengaruhinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Pola spasial dapat dilihat pada tata letak, sirkulasi, arah hadap, dan hirarki.Tata letak elemen-elemen permukiman secara makro menunjukkan permukiman ini terbagi dalam 3 cluster.Terdapat sirkulasi yang terdiri dari jalan primer dan sekunder, yang terbagi dalam 3 zonifikasi yaitu publik, semipublik, dan privat. Pada cluster 1, arah hadap bangunan adalah ke halaman bersama. Pada cluster 2, bangunan menghadap ke arah kolam ikan, sedangkan pada cluster 3, bangunan menghadap ke arah jalan. Untuk hirarki, area Barat merupakan area yang bersifat publik, dimana di sana terdapat pintu masuk dan juga sebagai pusat keramaian. Sedangkan area Timur bersifat semipublik karena terdapat sarana kegiatan ekonomi penduduk. Pola spasial yang terbentuk pada permukiman ini merupakan hasil adaptasi dengan alam dan sosial budaya penghuninya.Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pola spasial dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu manusia (aktivitas dan sosial budaya) dan lingkungan (topogarfi dan kondisi lahan, vegetasi serta bentang alam)

Bacterial Endo-Symbiont Inhabiting Tridax procumbens L. and Their Antimicrobial Potential

Bacterial symbionts inhabiting Tridax procumbens L. were screened for antimicrobial potential with the aim to isolate potent bacteria bearing significant activity against test pathogens. The selected isolate was subjected to large scale fermentation to extract antimicrobial metabolite. The organic phase was reduced under vacuum pressure and crude ethyl acetate extract (10 mg/mL) was evaluated for antimicrobial activity against panel of test pathogens. The antibacterial activity was measured as a zone of inhibition and compared with standard antibiotics, gentamicin and tetracycline. Similarly, antifungal activity was compared with miconazole and bavistin. Significant activity was conferred against Shigella flexneri (MTCC 731) with 27±1.5 mm zone across the disc. Partially, purification of antimicrobial metabolite with TLC-bioautography and HPLC resulted in active fraction bearing activity at Rf 0.65 and eluting between 4 and 5 retention times. The obtained results are promising enough for future purification and characterization of antimicrobial metabolite. Thus, the study attributes to the growing knowledge on endophytes as one of the rich sources of antimicrobial potentials

Activity of Soil Microorganisms During the Growth of Sweet Corn (Zea Mays Saccharata Sturt) in the Second Planting TIME with the Application of Fertilizers and Biochar

Efforts to increase the production of sweet corn can be done with the application of fertilizers, either inorganic, organic orits combination. In addition, the application of soil amendments such as biochar is also expected to improve soil fertility that will indirectly increase the production of sweet corn.Organonitrophos fertilizer is an organic fertilizer developed by lecturers of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. The research was aimed to study effect the combination of organonitrophos, and inorganic fertilizers, biochar and the interaction between fertilizer combination and biochar on soil respiration and soil microbial biomass.The research was conducted in the Integrated Field Laboratory of Lampung University using 6x2 factorial in a Randomized Block Design with 3 replications. The first factor was six levels combination of organonitrophos and inorganic fertilizers (P0, P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5). The second factor was two levels of biochar dosage (B0 and B1). Data was analyzed by Analysis of Variance and followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD)Test at 5% level. The observed variables were soil microorganism activity likely soil respiration and soil microbial biomass. The results showed that P3B1treatment (300 kg Urea ha-1, 125 kg SP-36 ha-1, 100 kg KCl ha-1 + 2500 kg organoitrophos ha-1) was the highest soil respiration at of 60 days after planting (DAP). P5 treatment (5000 kg Organonitrophos ha-1) has the highest soil microbial biomasscompared to other treatments at 60 and 90 DAP. B1 treatment (5000 kg biochar ha-1) has higher soil respiration and soil microbial biomasscompared to treatment (0 kg biochar ha-1. There was an interaction between combination of organonitrophos and inorganic fertilizers and biochar on soil respiration at 90 DAP. However, there was no interaction between fertilizer combination and biochar on soil microbial biomass