On design of robust fault detection filter in finite-frequency domain with regional pole assignment

This brief is concerned with the fault detection (FD) filter design problem for an uncertain linear discrete-time system in the finite-frequency domain with regional pole assignment. An optimized FD filter is designed such that: 1) the FD dynamics is quadratically D-stable; 2) the effect from the exogenous disturbance on the residual is attenuated with respect to a minimized H∞-norm; and 3) the sensitivity of the residual to the fault is enhanced by means of a maximized H--norm. With the aid of the generalized Kalman-Yakubovich-Popov lemma, the mixed H--/H∞ performance and the D-stability requirement are guaranteed by solving a convex optimization problem. An iterative algorithm for designing the desired FD filter is proposed by evaluating the threshold on the generated residual function. A simulation result is exploited to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design technique.This work was supported in part by the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) at King Abdulaziz University in Saudi Arabia under Grant 16-135- 35-HiCi, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 61134009 and 61203139, the Royal Society of the U.K., and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation of Germany

Pembuatan Model Uji Nilai Tebal Paruh (Hvl) Pesawat Konvensional Sinar-x Menggunakan Pengolahan Citra Digital

Designed of software application half value layer (HVL) which uses digital image processing has been use measurement HVL of X-ray conventional that is designed by using Borland Delphi 7.0 program. The system used as a simple tool for quality control (QC) of output X-ray.The firs step which is done to bring about software application is designing application image cropping, designing application open image, then designing applicationof pixel intensity value and designing application HVL. The step of software application USAge is firstly expose phantom stepwedge by using X-ray conventional, secondly, process the expose result so it produces image radiographygray scale, thirdly,process digital imageby using scanner, save image digital with bitmap format, then process image by using software application.From measuring the result of four digital images gray scale obtained HVL average of value is 2.04 mmAl. Beside that, the measurement is also done four time using the standart tool Multipurpose detector (MPD,) obtained HVL average of value is 1,97 mmAL, from both datas it process deviation value 0,07 and relative research is 99,97 % for software application. So it can be conclude that digital image processing can be used to count HVL X-ray conventional. Key words :Digital image radiography, image cropping, pixel intensity, half value layer (HVL)

Employment, Unemployment, And Underemployment In Africa

This chapter documents and analyzes the predominance of informal employment in Africa and shows that lack of demand for labor rather than worker characteristics is the main reason for pervasive underemployment. Integration into the global economy and exports of labor-intensive products are vital to boosting the demand for labor in Africa. Africa has some potential to become competitive in light manufacturing, but the most promising avenue for export-led growth of employment in many African countries is agriculture, including traditional cash crops such as cotton, coffee, cocoa, and groundnuts. Traditional cash crops, which are the source of livelihood for millions of Africans, have many of the features of manufacturing exports: high labor intensity, potential for quality improvements through technological transfer, and quality-sensitive markets in developed countries. Improvements in the business climate are the key to boosting investment and technology transfer in labor-intensive tradable industries, and thus raising labor demand and employment

Implementasi Sistem Penjualan Toko Online Pada Verici Sport Dengan Menggunakan Pemrograman Php

Saat ini Toko Verici Sport dalam sistem penjualan masih secara manual. Ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem yang dipakai tidak efektif dan efisien. Untuk itu dibutuhkan suatu sistem yang dapat memberikan kemudahan bagi konsumen dalam hal mendapatkan informasi mengenai produk-produk melalui website. Sebelum pembuatan website terlebih dahulu dilakukan penganalisisan data dengan menggunakan alat bantu perancangan sistem, kemudian dirancang desain input, desain output, desain file, dan aliran program dari sistem yang baru. Hasil dari analisis tersebut diterapkan ke dalam suatu program aplikasi website penjualan yang didukung oleh PHP-MySQL. Dengan adanya sistem yang baru diharapkan konsumen mendapatkan informasi mengenai produk  lebih cepat dan akurat dan pemesanan lebih mudah. Bagi Toko Verici Sport penjualan produk diupayakanlebih meningkat sehingga dapat memberikan keuntungan bagi Perusahaan

Model-Based Edge Detector for Spectral Imagery Using Sparse Spatiospectral Masks

Two model-based algorithms for edge detection in spectral imagery are developed that specifically target capturing intrinsic features such as isoluminant edges that are characterized by a jump in color but not in intensity. Given prior knowledge of the classes of reflectance or emittance spectra associated with candidate objects in a scene, a small set of spectral-band ratios, which most profoundly identify the edge between each pair of materials, are selected to define a edge signature. The bands that form the edge signature are fed into a spatial mask, producing a sparse joint spatiospectral nonlinear operator. The first algorithm achieves edge detection for every material pair by matching the response of the operator at every pixel with the edge signature for the pair of materials. The second algorithm is a classifier-enhanced extension of the first algorithm that adaptively accentuates distinctive features before applying the spatiospectral operator. Both algorithms are extensively verified using spectral imagery from the airborne hyperspectral imager and from a dots-in-a-well midinfrared imager. In both cases, the multicolor gradient (MCG) and the hyperspectral/spatial detection of edges (HySPADE) edge detectors are used as a benchmark for comparison. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms outperform the MCG and HySPADE edge detectors in accuracy, especially when isoluminant edges are present. By requiring only a few bands as input to the spatiospectral operator, the algorithms enable significant levels of data compression in band selection. In the presented examples, the required operations per pixel are reduced by a factor of 71 with respect to those required by the MCG edge detector

Versatile spectral imaging with an algorithm-based spectrometer using highly tuneable quantum dot infrared photodetectors

We report on the implementation of an algorithm-based spectrometer capable of reconstructing the spectral shape of materials in the mid-wave infrared (MWIR) and long-wave infrared (LWIR) wavelengths using only experimental photocurrent measurements from quantum dot infrared photodetectors (QDIPs). The theory and implementation of the algorithm will be described, followed by an investigation into this algorithmic spectrometer's performance. Compared to the QDIPs utilized in an earlier implementation, the ones used here have highly varying spectral shapes and four spectral peaks across the MWIR and LWIR wavelengths. It has been found that the spectrometer is capable of reconstructing broad spectral features of a range of bandpass infrared filters between wavelengths of 4 and 12 mu m as well as identifying absorption features as narrow as 0.3 mu m in the IR spectrum of a polyethylene sheet

Epistemologi dan Keterbatasan Teori Gravitasi

Peristiwa tentang kecenderungan jatuhnya benda-benda menuju pusat bumi dan keteraturan peredaran planet dan benda-benda langit lainnya dalam tata surya dahulu dianggap dua fenomena yang berbeda. Mekanika benda langit dan mekanika bumi yang sebelumnya merupakan dua pengetahuan yang terpisah, dianggap satu kesatuan oleh Sir Isaac Newton. Newton mengemukakan hukum gravitasi umum yaitu gaya tarik menarik antara dua benda besarnya sebanding dengan massa masing-masing benda dan berbanding terbalik dengan kuadrat jarak antara kedua benda. Hukum gravitasi ini sukses menjalaskan bagaimana benda cendrung jatuh menuju pusat bumi dan peredaran planet dan benda-benda langit lain mengelilingi matahari dalam sistem tata surya. Namun hukum gravitasi Newton ternyata tidak sepenuhnya tepat, beberapa hal dapat dijelaskan dengan hukum relativitas Einstein, namun demikian hukum relativitas Einstein juga dicurigai masih perlu diamandemen agar dapat menjelaskan fenomena alam dengan tepat