Fatty acid profile in vertical strata of elephant grass subjected to intermittent stocking

ABSTRACT The milk and meat from animals with a pasture-based diet have higher proportions of CLA and C18:3 and lower omega-6:omega-3 ratios than products from animals with diets based on corn silage and concentrate. However, most of the published studies have evaluated fatty acid profiles in temperate climate grasses and the literature with tropical grasses is scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological and fatty acid compositions in the vertical strata of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) swards subjected to grazing heights (90 or 120 cm pre-grazing heights) and levels of defoliation (50% or 70% removal of the initial pre-grazing height). There were no interactions among pre-grazing height, the level of defoliation and grazing stratum. However, higher proportion of C18:3 (58% and 63%) was found in the 90-cm swards and in the half upper stratum. A higher proportion of C18:3 was associated with a higher leaf proportion and crude protein content. Thus, the upper stratum of sward or a grazing management scheme (e.g. first-last stocking) resulting in a higher proportion of leaves and crude protein both provide higher proportions of C18:3 to animals grazing in elephant grass swards

Grounding for an Enterprise Computing Nomenclature Ontology

We aim to lay the basis for a unified architecture for enterprise computer nomenclatures by providing the grounding ontology based upon the BORO Foundational Ontology. We start to lower two significant barriers within the computing community to making progress in this area; a lack of a broad appreciation of the nature and practice of nomenclature and a lack of recognition of some specific technical, philosophical issues that nomenclatures raise. We provide an overview of the grounding ontology and how it can be implemented in a system. We focus on the issue that arises when tokens lead to the overlap of the represented domain and its system representation – system-domain-overlap – and how this can be resolved

Chemical changes and superoxide production in thylakoid membranes under water stress

Sunflower seedlings (Helianthus annuus cv. Isabel) subjected to a moderate level of water stress showed a reduced growth and a 0.1 MPa osmotic adjustment came into play. Thylakoid membranes isolated from stressed leaves showed decreased chlorophyll (Chl) and protein contents but the Chl a/Chl b and protein/Chl ratios were unchanged. Water stress caused a preferential hydrolysis in thylakoid proteins: the hydrophilic to hydrophobic protein ratio increased from 0.8 in the control to 4.5 in the stressed plants. However, the degree of unsaturation was unchanged and the electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements did not show an increased level of superoxide radical production by photosynthetic membranes