Исследование структуры основного капитала в полиграфической промышленности

XXI век — век инновационных технологий. Полиграфия, как и другие отрасли промышленности, подверглась существенным изменениям в части производственного оборудования, периодически появляются образцы новой техники и технологии. Основная задача полиграфических предприятий сводится сейчас к оперативному реагированию на современные новшества в области прогрессивного полиграфического оборудования, а также экономически эффективное использование уже действующего оборудования. Проблемы использования основного капитала и производственных мощностей в полиграфии были предметом специальных исследований Машталера P. M., Миклашевского И. П., Шпеера Е. В. и др. [1–3]. Однако эти работы были выполнены в 70–80‑е годы прошлого столетия. В условиях рыночной экономики вопросы формирования и использования основного капитала в достаточной степени проработаны не были, поэтому вопросы теории и методологии оценки основного капитала в современных условиях остаются актуальной проблемой.XXI century is the era of innovate technology. Printing, like the other industries, has undergone significant changes in the terms of production equipment, periodically there are examples of new techniques and technologies. Nowadays, the main task of printing enterprises are reduced to a rapid response to modern innovations in the fi eld of progressive printing equipment, as well as the eff ective use of already existing equipments. Problems of capital resources and production capacity in the printing industry have been studied by Mashtaler P. M., Miklashevsky I. P., Speer E. V. etc. [1–3], however, these works were carried out in 70–80 years of the last century. In a market economy questions about formation and use of fi xed capital haven’t been stydied suffi ciently, so the theory and methodology of capital evaluation in modern conditions remain an actual problem

Технологические факторы, влияющие на качество тиснения полиграфической фольгой

В статье рассмотрены основные технологические факторы, влияющие на качество тиснения полиграфической фольгой, и приведены сведения об оптимальных режимах (давление, температура штампа и т. д.) тиснения фольгой на переплетные материалы, о влиянии различных параметров на качество тиснения. Тиснение фольгой, благодаря своим широким изобразительным возможностям, является самым распространенным видом тиснения и всегда осуществляется при помощи горячего клише. Фольга от температуры оплавляется и оставляет на поверхности металлический оттиск. Сегодняшний ассортимент полиграфической фольги позволяет реализовать самые смелые решения, что актуально в использовании разнообразной полиграфической продукции не только в брошюровочно-переплетных процессах, а также в сфере дизайна, включая изделия от упаковок до открыток.This article describes the main technological factors affecting on the quality of the printing foil stamping and provides information on optimal conditions (pressure, temperature, stamps, etc.) of foil stamping on bookbinding materials and about influence of various parameters on the quality of stamping. Foil stamping, due to its wide visual capabilities, is the most common type of embossing and it always carried out with hot cliché using. Foil temperature melts and leaves on the surface of a metal stamp. Today’s range of printing foil allows to realize the most daring design decisions, that is actual in the use of various printed products not only in book-binding processes, and also in the field of design, including different products such as the packages and cards

Experience attract doctoral students, undergraduates and students to carry out scientific research in the Al­Farabi KaNU

This article is sanctified to the questions of implementation of scientific research within the framework of institution of higher learning. Experience of implementation of scientific research forces of teachers, city councils, докторантов and students opens up. Drawn conclusion that in the process of educating in institution of higher learning maybe and it is necessary to expose the scientific capabilities of students. Also to this article experience of realization of sociological research of sense of justice and legal culture of young people is driven

Create a new type of meat pate for preschool and school-age children

The article is devoted to the study of meat-added products with functional properties for children of pre-school and school age. Studies were carried out taking into account the combination of the ingredient composition to create quality meat products. The production technology has been developed, the product formulation has been developed, microbiological indicators, qualitative indicators have been determined, and production testing has been carried out. The developed pates are enriched with natural biological corrector (NBC) of domestic production, NBC enrich them with micronutrients necessary for directed action: pate enriched with calcium with the addition of poultry meat. According to microbiological studies in preserves «Poultry meat pate»,quantity of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms (QMAFAnM) does not exceed the confidence interval, is 6,6 x 102 CFU/g

Latent tracks of swift Bi ions in Si3N4

Parameters such as track diameter and microstruture of latent tracks in polycrystalline Si3N4 induced by 710 MeV Bi ions were studied using TEM and XRD techniques, and MD simulation. Experimental results are considered in terms of the framework of a 'core-shell' inelastic thermal spike (i-TS) model. The average track radius determined by means of electron microscopy coincides with that deduced from computer modelling and is similar to the track core size predicted by the i-TS model using a boiling criterion. Indirect (XRD) techniques give a larger average latent track radius which is consistent with the integral nature of the signal collected from the probed volume of irradiated material. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd

Comprehensive Study of Ni Nanotubes for Bioapplications: From Synthesis to Payloads Attaching

Due to the Ni nanotubes’ shape anisotropy, low specific density, large specific surface, and uniform magnetic field, they have been offered as carriers for targeted delivery of drug or protein and the process of their formation from synthesis stage to the stage of surface modification and protein attaching has been demonstrated. Some steps to hasten their biomedical application have been applied. First, to have full control over the carrier dimensions and structure parameters, electrodeposition method in pores of polyethylene terephthalate template has been applied. Second, to understand the scope of Ni nanostructures application, their degradation in media with different acidity has been studied. Third, to improve the biocompatibility and to make payloads attachment possible, nanotubes surface modification with organosilicon compound has been carried out. At last, the scheme of protein attaching to the nanostructure surface has been developed and the binding process was demonstrated as an example of the bovine serum albumin

REGRESSION ANALYSIS AND GIS METHODS FOR ASSESSMENT OF THE PLAGUE EPIZOOTIC ACTIVITY OF KAZAKH NATURAL PLAGUE FOCI

The plague natural foci of Kazakhstan are a complicated system of relations between the plague microbe, warm-blood host and vector. The complex approaches used for study of the processes of the plague epizooty and prognosis it. Use of computerized programs with the classic methods of study helps to process the data in time and space. For epidemiological and epizootological analysis the passport data of the strains Y. pestis isolated by Zhosaly Anti-plague Station of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 1990-2012 were processed. The Anti-plague Station carries out the epizootic study of the landscape and epizootology regions as the North Qizilqum, East Karakum, and West part of Aryskum-Dariyalyktakyr. From 1990 to 2012 there were 295 plague strains isolated, 57 % of them were isolated from rodents, and 49,3 % of them were isolated from vectors (ticks and fleas). The passport data for 1990-2011 of three mentioned above landscape and epizootology regions were processed by STATA 12 program; and the regression models of the North Qizilqum and East Karakum were created. The model shows that the plague epizooty activity has been declining by the years. The second model shows that the plague activity in the North Qizilqum has been increasing by the years. Also the passport data of the strains Y. pestis isolated in two natural plague foci of Central Asia desert plague focus as Qizilqum and Aryskum-Dariyalyktakyr natural foci were processed by ArcGIS 10. The regression analysis and modeling in ArcGIS 10 give the opportunities for carrying out of spatial and temporal characteristics of conditions of epizootic activities of the natural plague foci, for detection more possible regions where people livestock as camels can be infected with plague and for prevention of infection of people during their activities. Application of this analysis in the complex of epizootic and epidemiological analysis gives the possibility to prognosis of possible plague epidemic complications and make remote prognosis for carrying out of the prophylaxis measurements under the influences of anthropogenic transformation of the foci, social and climatic factors and can help to survey the foci and protect the population who live there. Use of the regression analysis in the epidemiological and epizootological monitoring of the plague in the natural plague foci can help to prognosis the dynamics of the plague epizooty in the foci and detect a correlation between the microbe, vector, and host of the plague

Global, regional, and national prevalence of adult overweight and obesity, 1990–2021, with forecasts to 2050: a forecasting study for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Background: Overweight and obesity is a global epidemic. Forecasting future trajectories of the epidemic is crucial for providing an evidence base for policy change. In this study, we examine the historical trends of the global, regional, and national prevalence of adult overweight and obesity from 1990 to 2021 and forecast the future trajectories to 2050. Methods: Leveraging established methodology from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study, we estimated the prevalence of overweight and obesity among individuals aged 25 years and older by age and sex for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2050. Retrospective and current prevalence trends were derived based on both self-reported and measured anthropometric data extracted from 1350 unique sources, which include survey microdata and reports, as well as published literature. Specific adjustment was applied to correct for self-report bias. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression models were used to synthesise data, leveraging both spatial and temporal correlation in epidemiological trends, to optimise the comparability of results across time and geographies. To generate forecast estimates, we used forecasts of the Socio-demographic Index and temporal correlation patterns presented as annualised rate of change to inform future trajectories. We considered a reference scenario assuming the continuation of historical trends. Findings: Rates of overweight and obesity increased at the global and regional levels, and in all nations, between 1990 and 2021. In 2021, an estimated 1·00 billion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 0·989–1·01) adult males and 1·11 billion (1·10–1·12) adult females had overweight and obesity. China had the largest population of adults with overweight and obesity (402 million [397–407] individuals), followed by India (180 million [167–194]) and the USA (172 million [169–174]). The highest age-standardised prevalence of overweight and obesity was observed in countries in Oceania and north Africa and the Middle East, with many of these countries reporting prevalence of more than 80% in adults. Compared with 1990, the global prevalence of obesity had increased by 155·1% (149·8–160·3) in males and 104·9% (95% UI 100·9–108·8) in females. The most rapid rise in obesity prevalence was observed in the north Africa and the Middle East super-region, where age-standardised prevalence rates in males more than tripled and in females more than doubled. Assuming the continuation of historical trends, by 2050, we forecast that the total number of adults living with overweight and obesity will reach 3·80 billion (95% UI 3·39–4·04), over half of the likely global adult population at that time. While China, India, and the USA will continue to constitute a large proportion of the global population with overweight and obesity, the number in the sub-Saharan Africa super-region is forecasted to increase by 254·8% (234·4–269·5). In Nigeria specifically, the number of adults with overweight and obesity is forecasted to rise to 141 million (121–162) by 2050, making it the country with the fourth-largest population with overweight and obesity. Interpretation: No country to date has successfully curbed the rising rates of adult overweight and obesity. Without immediate and effective intervention, overweight and obesity will continue to increase globally. Particularly in Asia and Africa, driven by growing populations, the number of individuals with overweight and obesity is forecast to rise substantially. These regions will face a considerable increase in obesity-related disease burden. Merely acknowledging obesity as a global health issue would be negligent on the part of global health and public health practitioners; more aggressive and targeted measures are required to address this crisis, as obesity is one of the foremost avertible risks to health now and in the future and poses an unparalleled threat of premature disease and death at local, national, and global levels. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Global, regional, and national prevalence of adult overweight and obesity, 1990–2021, with forecasts to 2050: a forecasting study for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Background: Overweight and obesity is a global epidemic. Forecasting future trajectories of the epidemic is crucial for providing an evidence base for policy change. In this study, we examine the historical trends of the global, regional, and national prevalence of adult overweight and obesity from 1990 to 2021 and forecast the future trajectories to 2050. Methods: Leveraging established methodology from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study, we estimated the prevalence of overweight and obesity among individuals aged 25 years and older by age and sex for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2050. Retrospective and current prevalence trends were derived based on both self-reported and measured anthropometric data extracted from 1350 unique sources, which include survey microdata and reports, as well as published literature. Specific adjustment was applied to correct for self-report bias. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression models were used to synthesise data, leveraging both spatial and temporal correlation in epidemiological trends, to optimise the comparability of results across time and geographies. To generate forecast estimates, we used forecasts of the Socio-demographic Index and temporal correlation patterns presented as annualised rate of change to inform future trajectories. We considered a reference scenario assuming the continuation of historical trends. Findings: Rates of overweight and obesity increased at the global and regional levels, and in all nations, between 1990 and 2021. In 2021, an estimated 1·00 billion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 0·989–1·01) adult males and 1·11 billion (1·10–1·12) adult females had overweight and obesity. China had the largest population of adults with overweight and obesity (402 million [397–407] individuals), followed by India (180 million [167–194]) and the USA (172 million [169–174]). The highest age-standardised prevalence of overweight and obesity was observed in countries in Oceania and north Africa and the Middle East, with many of these countries reporting prevalence of more than 80% in adults. Compared with 1990, the global prevalence of obesity had increased by 155·1% (149·8–160·3) in males and 104·9% (95% UI 100·9–108·8) in females. The most rapid rise in obesity prevalence was observed in the north Africa and the Middle East super-region, where age-standardised prevalence rates in males more than tripled and in females more than doubled. Assuming the continuation of historical trends, by 2050, we forecast that the total number of adults living with overweight and obesity will reach 3·80 billion (95% UI 3·39–4·04), over half of the likely global adult population at that time. While China, India, and the USA will continue to constitute a large proportion of the global population with overweight and obesity, the number in the sub-Saharan Africa super-region is forecasted to increase by 254·8% (234·4–269·5). In Nigeria specifically, the number of adults with overweight and obesity is forecasted to rise to 141 million (121–162) by 2050, making it the country with the fourth-largest population with overweight and obesity. Interpretation: No country to date has successfully curbed the rising rates of adult overweight and obesity. Without immediate and effective intervention, overweight and obesity will continue to increase globally. Particularly in Asia and Africa, driven by growing populations, the number of individuals with overweight and obesity is forecast to rise substantially. These regions will face a considerable increase in obesity-related disease burden. Merely acknowledging obesity as a global health issue would be negligent on the part of global health and public health practitioners; more aggressive and targeted measures are required to address this crisis, as obesity is one of the foremost avertible risks to health now and in the future and poses an unparalleled threat of premature disease and death at local, national, and global levels. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation