The future of ischemic stroke: flow from prehospital neuroprotection to definitive reperfusion.

Recent advances in ischemic stroke enable a seamless transition of the patient flow from the prehospital setting to definitive reperfusion, without the arbitrary separation of therapeutic phases of ischemia based on time alone. In 2013, the framework to understand and directly address the pathophysiology of cerebral blood flow that determines the timeline or evolution of ischemia in an individual case is given. This continuum of flow and the homeostasis of brain perfusion balanced by collaterals may be captured with serial imaging. Ongoing imaging core laboratory activities permit large-scale measurement of angiographic and tissue biomarkers of ischemia. Prehospital neuroprotection has become a reality and may be combined with revascularization therapies. Recent studies confirm that image-guided thrombolysis may be achieved without restrictive time windows. Baseline imaging patterns may be used to predict response to therapy and serial imaging may discern recanalization and reperfusion. Advanced techniques, such as arterial spin-labeled MRI, may also report hyperperfusion associated with hemorrhagic transformation. Endovascular therapies, including novel stent retriever devices, may augment revascularization and angiographic core laboratories may define optimal reperfusion. Serial evaluation of collaterals and reperfusion may identify definitive reperfusion linked with good clinical outcome rather than imposing arbitrary definitions of effective recanalization. Reperfusion injury and hemorrhagic transformation of various types may be detailed to explain clinical outcomes. Similar approaches may be used in intracranial atherosclerosis where flow, and not the degree of luminal stenosis, is paramount. Fractional flow may now be measured with computational fluid dynamics to identify high-risk lesions that require revascularization to restore the equilibrium of antegrade and collateral perfusion. Serial perfusion imaging of such cases may also illustrate inadequate cerebral blood volume gradients that may be more informative than blood flow delay alone. In sum, the growing understanding of collateral perfusion throughout all stages of ischemic stroke provides a framework for the future of ischemic stroke

Phase Diagram of the 1D Kondo Lattice Model

We determine the boundary of the fully polarized ferromagnetic ground state in the one dimensional Kondo lattice model at partial conduction electron band filling by using a newly developed infinite size DMRG method which conserves the total spin quantum number. The obtained paramagnetic to ferromagnetic phase boundary is below $J \approx 3.5$ for the whole range of band filling. By this we solve the controversy in the phase diagram over the extent of the ferromagnetic region close to half filling.Comment: 6 pages, 4 EPS figures. Presented at MOS9

Adaptive primal-dual genetic algorithms in dynamic environments

This article is placed here with permission of IEEE - Copyright @ 2010 IEEERecently, there has been an increasing interest in applying genetic algorithms (GAs) in dynamic environments. Inspired by the complementary and dominance mechanisms in nature, a primal-dual GA (PDGA) has been proposed for dynamic optimization problems (DOPs). In this paper, an important operator in PDGA, i.e., the primal-dual mapping (PDM) scheme, is further investigated to improve the robustness and adaptability of PDGA in dynamic environments. In the improved scheme, two different probability-based PDM operators, where the mapping probability of each allele in the chromosome string is calculated through the statistical information of the distribution of alleles in the corresponding gene locus over the population, are effectively combined according to an adaptive Lamarckian learning mechanism. In addition, an adaptive dominant replacement scheme, which can probabilistically accept inferior chromosomes, is also introduced into the proposed algorithm to enhance the diversity level of the population. Experimental results on a series of dynamic problems generated from several stationary benchmark problems show that the proposed algorithm is a good optimizer for DOPs.This work was supported in part by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant 70431003 and Grant 70671020, by the National Innovation Research Community Science Foundation of China under Grant 60521003, by the National Support Plan of China under Grant 2006BAH02A09, by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) of U.K. under Grant EP/E060722/1, and by the Hong Kong Polytechnic University Research Grants under Grant G-YH60

Densities and abundances of hot cometary ions in the coma of P/Halley

On its flight by P/Halley, the Giotto spacecraft carried a High Energy Range Spectrometer (HERS) for measuring the properties of cometary ions picked up by the solar wind in the nearly collisionless regions of the coma. Preliminary estimates of the ion densities observed by HERS were reevaluated and extended; density profiles along the Giotto trajectory are presented for 13 values of ion mass/charge. Comparison with the physical-chemical model of the interaction of sunlight and the solar wind with the comet by other researchers reveals that, with the exception of protons and H2(+), all ion densities were at least an order of magnitude higher than predicted. The high ion densities cannot be explained on the basis of compression of the plasma, but require additional or stronger ionization mechanisms. Ratios of the densities of different ion species reveal an overabundance of carbonaceous material and an underabundance of H2(+) compared to the predictions of the Schmidt. While the densities of solar wind ions (H(+) and He(++)) changed sharply across a magnetic discontinuity located 1.35(10)(exp 5) km from the comet, this feature, which has been called both the 'cometopause' and the 'magnetic pileup boundary' was barely distinguishable in the density profiles of hot cometary ions. This result is consistent with the interpretation that the magnetic pileup boundary detected by Giotto was caused by a discontinuity in the solar wind and is not an intrinsic feature of the interaction of the solar wind with an active comet

Clinical application of resorbable polymers in guided bone regeneration

Conference Theme: Cell Biomaterial ReactionOpen Access JournalINTRODUCTION: Long segmental diaphyseal bone loss often results from high energy trauma like blast injury, osteomyelitis or wide excision of malignant conditions. Treatment of this long segmental diaphyseal defects remain a difficult clinical problem. In the literature, many authors have reported that bone loss more than 2.5 cm always require bone grafting. This is probably the critical size defect in human. Non-vascularized bone graft frequently fails if the defect is longer than 6-7 cm. 2.5 cm is probably the critical size defect in human and 7 cm is likely the critical size for non-vascularized bone graft. Various treatment methods are adopted currently to address this problem, including vascularized bone graft, distraction osteogenesis and massive allograft. However, all these methods are associated with …published_or_final_versio

PENGARUH TAYANGAN DRAMA KOREA TERHADAP PERILAKU KAUM MUDA (STUDI KASUS : KOMUNITAS PECINTA DRAMA KOREA DAN KPOP)

PENGARUH TAYANGAN DRAMA KOREA TERHADAP PERILAKU KAUM MUDA (STUDI KASUS : KOMUNITAS PECINTA DRAMA KOREA DAN KPOP)

Antibacterial properties of Cu-ZrO2 thin films prepared via aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition

© 2015 The Royal Society of Chemistry. The antibacterial properties of a Cu-ZrO2 film grown via aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition are presented. The composite film showed high activity against E. coli (Gram-negative) and S. aureus (Gram-positive) bacteria with 5 log10 (E. coli) and 4 log10 (S. aureus) decrease in viable bacteria achieved within 20 and 60 minutes respectively. These results were comparable to a pure copper film that was prepared under the same conditions. The composite film was characterized for material properties using a range of techniques including X-ray photoemission and X-ray diffraction

Transparent conductive aluminium and fluorine co-doped zinc oxide films via aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition

Aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD) was employed to synthesise highly transparent and conductive ZnO, fluorine or aluminium doped and aluminium–fluorine co-doped ZnO thin films on glass substrates at 450 °C. All films were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV/Vis/Near IR spectroscopy. The films were 300–350 nm thick, crystalline and displayed high transparency at 550 nm (80–90%). The co-doped film consisted of 1 at.% fluorine and 2 at.% aluminium, exhibiting a charge carrier concentration and a charge carrier mobility of 3.47 × 1020 cm−3 and 9.7 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. The band gap of the co-doped film was found to be 3.7 eV and the plasma edge crossover was ca. 1800 nm. This film had a highly structured morphology in comparison to the un-doped and single doped ZnO films for transparent conducting oxide applications

Theoretical study of Ga-based nanowires and the interaction of Ga with single-wall carbon nanotubes

Gallium displays physical properties which can make it a potential element to produce metallic nanowires and high-conducting interconnects in nanoelectronics. Using first-principles pseudopotential plane method we showed that Ga can form stable metallic linear and zigzag monatomic chain structures. The interaction between individual Ga atom and single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) leads to a chemisorption bond involving charge transfer. Doping of SWNT with Ga atom gives rise to donor states. Owing to a significant interaction between individual Ga atom and SWNT, continuous Ga coverage of the tube can be achieved. Ga nanowires produced by the coating of carbon nanotube templates are found to be stable and high conducting.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure