On One Dissected Case Of Dead Body Due To T-cain Anesthesia

We have here described one case, it is often happened incidental death caused by anesthesia due to T-cain, developing with operation of pulmonary tuberculosis; and to which, we took liberty to try to add certain considerations of our own

Treatment regimen determines whether an HIF-1 inhibitor enhances or inhibits the effect of radiation therapy

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) has been reported to promote tumour radioresistance; therefore, it is recognised as an excellent target during radiation therapy. However, the inhibition of HIF-1 in unsuitable timing can suppress rather than enhance the effect of radiation therapy because its anti-angiogenic effect increases the radioresistant hypoxic fraction. In this study, we imaged changes of HIF-1 activity after treatment with radiation and/or an HIF-1 inhibitor, YC-1, and optimised their combination. Hypoxic tumour cells were reoxygenated 6 h postirradiation, leading to von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-dependent proteolysis of HIF-1α and a resultant decrease in HIF-1 activity. The activity then increased as HIF-1α accumulated in the reoxygenated regions 24 h postirradiation. Meanwhile, YC-1 temporarily but significantly suppressed HIF-1 activity, leading to a decrease in microvessel density and an increase in tumour hypoxia. On treatment with YC-1 and then radiation, the YC-1-mediated increase in tumour hypoxia suppressed the effect of radiation therapy, whereas on treatment in the reverse order, YC-1 suppressed the postirradiation upregulation of HIF-1 activity and consequently delayed tumour growth. These results indicate that treatment regimen determines whether an HIF-1 inhibitor enhances or inhibits the therapeutic effect of radiation, and the suppression of the postirradiation upregulation of HIF-1 activity is important for the best therapeutic benefit

Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition Enhances the Antitumor Effect of Radiation in the Treatment of Squamous Carcinoma Xenografts

This study tests whether the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), combines favorably with ionizing radiation (IR) in controlling squamous carcinoma tumor growth. Animals bearing FaDu and A431 xenografts were treated with L-NNA in the drinking water. IR exposure was 10 Gy for tumor growth and survival studies and 4 Gy for ex vivo clonogenic assays. Cryosections were examined immunohistochemically for markers of apoptosis and hypoxia. Blood flow was assayed by fluorescent microscopy of tissue cryosections after i.v. injection of fluorospheres. Orally administered L-NNA for 24 hrs reduces tumor blood flow by 80% (p<0.01). Within 24 hrs L-NNA treatment stopped tumor growth for at least 10 days before tumor growth again ensued. The growth arrest was in part due to increased cell killing since a combination of L-NNA and a single 4 Gy IR caused 82% tumor cell killing measured by an ex vivo clonogenic assay compared to 49% by L-NNA or 29% by IR alone. A Kaplan-Meyer analysis of animal survival revealed a distinct survival advantage for the combined treatment. Combining L-NNA and IR was also found to be at least as effective as a single i.p. dose of cisplatin plus IR. In contrast to the in vivo studies, exposure of cells to L-NNA in vitro was without effect on clonogenicity with or without IR. Western and immunochemical analysis of expression of a number of proteins involved in NO signaling indicated that L-NNA treatment enhanced arginase-2 expression and that this may represent vasculature remodeling and escape from NOS inhibition. For tumors such as head and neck squamous carcinomas that show only modest responses to inhibitors of specific angiogenic pathways, targeting NO-dependent pro-survival and angiogenic mechanisms in both tumor and supporting stromal cells may present a potential new strategy for tumor control

Studies on the Function of Reticuloendotherial System and Serum Protein Found in an Immuned Rabbit

We, by frequent injection of a cow's serum antigen into a rabbit, and examining such as the coefficient of congored, total protein density of anti-serum, changes in precipitin as well as changes that occurred to the fraction of serum protein, electrophoretically and at a certain lapse of time; and having taken an observation on their correlations, succeeded to arrive at the following results; 1. Both γ-Globulin as well as precipitin changes proved as parallel. The same tendency has been detected in β-Globulin, but not so marked as in the case of γ-Globulin. 2. A overfunction of reticuloendotherial action has been occurred, caused by immunology; in general, that sort of hyperbole can be seen from 10-30 days after the 1st injection of antigen. 3. The total protein density of serum-antigen has increased or decreased side by side with changes of precipitin, but changes in Albumin and Globulin have proved no such steadfast trend. 4. A markedly low case in precipitin formation has been discovered in a rabbit which possessed a very slight amount of γ-Globulin within normal serum, previous to antigeninjection. 5. From the above results, it was found that a close connection exists between those Globulins and and antibody, esp., between γ-Globulin and antibody; moreover, the fact that the function of reticuloendotherial system as springhead of antibody. Further, as a cause of individual difference in antibody formation, the amount of retained (possessed) normal γ-Globulin was considered significant