Model of English Textbook Corpus Creation

The article covers principles of creating an English textbook corpus. It is suggested that they should be divided into informative and constructive. The mentioned principles following serves to provide successful realization of the textbook corpus design strategy in accordance with the case study purposesВ статье рассматриваются принципы создания корпуса учебника английского языка, которые предлагается разделить на содержательные и конструирующие. Следование указанным принципам призвано обеспечить успешную реализацию стратегии построения корпуса учебника в соответствии с целью и задачами конкретного исследовани

Model of English Textbook Corpus Creation

The article covers principles of creating an English textbook corpus. It is suggested that they should be divided into informative and constructive. The mentioned principles following serves to provide successful realization of the textbook corpus design strategy in accordance with the case study purposesВ статье рассматриваются принципы создания корпуса учебника английского языка, которые предлагается разделить на содержательные и конструирующие. Следование указанным принципам призвано обеспечить успешную реализацию стратегии построения корпуса учебника в соответствии с целью и задачами конкретного исследовани

Novel Proresolving Aspirin-Triggered DHA Pathway

SummaryEndogenous mechanisms in the resolution of acute inflammation are of interest because excessive inflammation underlies many pathologic abnormalities. We report an aspirin-triggered DHA metabolome that biosynthesizes a potent product in inflammatory exudates and human leukocytes, namely aspirin-triggered Neuroprotectin D1/Protectin D1 [AT-(NPD1/PD1)]. The complete stereochemistry of AT-(NPD1/PD1) proved to be 10R,17R-dihydroxydocosa-4Z,7Z,11E,13E,15Z,19Z-hexaenoic acid. The chirality of hydroxyl groups and geometry of the conjugated triene system essential for bioactivity were established by matching biological materials with stereochemically pure isomers prepared by organic synthesis. AT-(NPD1/PD1) reduced neutrophil (PMN) recruitment in murine peritonitis in a dose-dependent fashion whereby neither a Δ15-trans-isomer nor DHA was effective. With human cells, AT-(NPD1/PD1) decreased transendothelial PMN migration as well as enhanced efferocytosis of apoptotic human PMN by macrophages. These results indicate that AT-(NPD1/PD1) is a potent anti-inflammatory proresolving molecule

Mediastinal Masses, Anesthetic Interventions, and Airway Compression in Adults: A Prospective Observational Study

Background Central airway occlusion is a feared complication of general anesthesia in patients with mediastinal masses. Maintenance of spontaneous ventilation and avoiding neuromuscular blockade are recommended to reduce this risk. Physiologic arguments supporting these recommendations are controversial and direct evidence is lacking. The authors hypothesized that, in adult patients with moderate to severe mediastinal mass–mediated tracheobronchial compression, anesthetic interventions including positive pressure ventilation and neuromuscular blockade could be instituted without compromising central airway patency. Methods Seventeen adult patients with large mediastinal masses requiring general anesthesia underwent awake intubation followed by continuous video bronchoscopy recordings of the compromised portion of the airway during staged induction. Assessments of changes in anterior–posterior airway diameter relative to baseline (awake, spontaneous ventilation) were performed using the following patency scores: unchanged = 0; 25 to 50% larger = +1; more than 50% larger = +2; 25 to 50% smaller = −1; more than 50% smaller = −2. Assessments were made by seven experienced bronchoscopists in side-by-side blinded and scrambled comparisons between (1) baseline awake, spontaneous breathing; (2) anesthetized with spontaneous ventilation; (3) anesthetized with positive pressure ventilation; and (4) anesthetized with positive pressure ventilation and neuromuscular blockade. Tidal volumes, respiratory rate, and inspiratory/expiratory ratio were similar between phases. Results No significant change from baseline was observed in the mean airway patency scores after the induction of general anesthesia (0 [95% CI, 0 to 0]; P = 0.953). The mean airway patency score increased with the addition of positive pressure ventilation (0 [95% CI, 0 to 1]; P = 0.024) and neuromuscular blockade (1 [95% CI, 0 to 1]; P &amp;lt; 0.001). No patient suffered airway collapse or difficult ventilation during any anesthetic phase. Conclusions These observations suggest a need to reassess prevailing assumptions regarding positive pressure ventilation and/or paralysis and mediastinal mass–mediated airway collapse, but do not prove that conventional (nonstaged) inductions are safe for such patients. Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New </jats:sec

Observation of B → K\u3csup\u3e±\u3c/sup\u3eπ\u3csup\u3e0\u3c/sup\u3e and B → K\u3csup\u3e0\u3c/sup\u3eπ\u3csup\u3e0\u3c/sup\u3e, and evidence for B → π\u3csup\u3e+\u3c/sup\u3eπ\u3csup\u3e−\u3c/sup\u3e

We have studied charmless hadronic decays of B mesons into two-body final states with kaons and pions and observe three new processes with the following branching fractions: B(B → π π ) = (4.3 ±0.5)×10 , B(B→K π )=(14.6 ) × 10 , and B(B → K π ) = (11.6 ) × 10 . We also update our previous measurements for the decays B → K π and B → K π . © 2000 American Physical Society. + +1.6 −6 0 0 +5.9+2.4 −6 ± 0 +3.0+1.4 −6 ± ∓ ± 0 ± − −1.4 −5.1−3.3 −2.7−1.

Measurement of charge asymmetries in charmless hadronic B meson decays

Searches for CP violation in decays of B mesons to three Kπ modes, K π , K π , K π , the mode K η′, and the vector-pseudoscalar mode ωpi . These decay modes have well-measured branching ratios and significant signal yields and are self-tagging. Any possible systematic bias on charge asymmetries is negligible compared to the statistical measurement errors. The dependence of the likelihood function on the charge asymmetry for each of the five decay modes is described. All five modes showed no evidence for CP violation. ± ± ± 0 0 ± ± ±

Observation of B --&gt; K(+/-) pi(0) and B --&gt; (K)0 pi(0), and evidence for B --&gt; pi(+)pi(-).

We have studied charmless hadronic decays of B mesons into two-body final states with kaons and pions and observe three new processes with the following branching fractions: beta(B--&gt;pi(+)pi(-)) = (4.3(+1. 6)(-1.4)+/-0.5)x10(-6), beta(B--&gt;K(0)pi(0)) = (14.6(+5.9+2.4)(-5.1-3. 3))x10(-6), and beta(B--&gt;K(+)/-pi(0)) = (11.6(+3.0+1.4)(-2.7-1.3))x10(-6). We also update our previous measurements for the decays B--&gt;K(+)/-pi(-/+) and B+/---&gt;K(0)pi(+/-)