Butterfly Diagram and Activity Cycles in HR 1099

We analyze photometric data of the active RS CVn--type star HR 1099 for the years 1975--2006 with an inversion technique and reveal the nature of two activity cycles of 15--16 yr and 5.3$\pm$0.1 yr duration. The 16 yr cycle is related to variations of the total spot area and is coupled with the differential rotation, while the 5.3 yr cycle is caused by the symmetric redistribution of the spotted area between the opposite stellar hemispheres (flip-flop cycle). We recover long-lived active regions comprising two active longitudes that migrate in the orbital reference frame with a variable rate because of the differential rotation along with changes in the mean spot latitudes. The migration pattern is periodic with the 16 yr cycle. Combining the longitudinal migration of the active regions with a previously measured differential rotation law, we recover the first stellar butterfly diagram without an assumption about spot shapes. We find that mean latitudes of active regions at opposite longitudes change antisymmetrically in the course of the 16 yr cycle: while one active region migrates to the pole, the other approaches the equator. This suggests a precession of the global magnetic field with respect to the stellar rotational axis.Comment: ApJL, accepte

AAV2 delivery of the saCas9 gene results in presentation of an HLA-A^∗02:01-restricted T cell epitope potent to induce T cell cytotoxicity

In vivo genome editing with CRISPR-Cas9 systems is generating worldwide attention and enthusiasm for the possible treatment of genetic disorders. However, the consequences of potential immunogenicity of the bacterial Cas9 protein and the AAV capsid have been the subject of considerable debate. Here, we model the antigen presentation in cells after in vivo gene editing by in vitro transduction of a human cell line with an AAV2 vector that delivers the Staphylococcus aureus Cas9 transgene. Through HLA class I enrichment, peptide elution, and highly sensitive LC-MS interrogation, we identified a highly conserved saCas9-derived T cell epitope in the catalytic domain of the enzyme that is restricted to HLA-A∗02:01 and induces CD8+ T cell activation and killing. We conclude that AAV delivery of Cas9 results in presentation of a T cell epitope that can activate CD8+ cells and induce killing of the transduced cell, with important ramifications for in vivo genome editing strategies.</p

Extended ring system of Uranus

Two photoelectric records of the occultation event on 10 March, 1977, obtained by two 102-cm-aperture telescopes, spaced 1500 km apart, are critically analysed and indications of a complex structure of distribution of occulting material surrounding the planet are obtained. The results confirm the existence of a very shallow broad ring system with local condensation lanes of narrow and intermediate widths. A system of numerous thin rings are also present around the planet in the equatorial plane

Photometry of the RS CVn binary II Peg

B and V photometry of II Peg obtained at Kavalur on 39 nights during 1980–81, 1981–82 and 1984–85 observing seasons is presented in Fig. 1. From an analysis of the available data on this object we find that no two light curves agree in any of the following: shape, amplitude, phases of the light maxima and minima, mean light level, or brightness at the light maxima and minima.</jats:p

Human influence

The article gives a classification of groups, its types and subspecies. The goal is: to determine the degree of influence of the group on human opinion. The tasks are defined: to study scientific theories on the problem of group influence, to conduct an experiment to determine the level of conformity of students in grades 10, to analyze the experimental data, to draw conclusions based on the results of the study. It has been suggested that under pressure from a group a person can change his mind. Two forms of conformism are distinguished: compliance and approval. The positive influence of the group on the formation of personality development is noted. It shows how surveys and debates were conducted. In order to prove that the group is able to influence the opinion of a person, an experiment was conducted. The work shows the results that can be used in modern psychology to study the phenomenon of "conformity", and practically in informing the people who participated in the experiment, on the topic of some group phenomena. It is concluded that the influence of the group is not homogeneous, it cannot be only positive or only negative, it depends on the group and on the conditions in which the person fell.</jats:p