Performance Characteristics of Mix Oil Biodiesel Blends with Smoke Emissions

Fossil fuel resources are being depleted day by day and its use affects the environment adversely. Renewable energy is one of the alternate for sustainable development and biodiesel is one of the suitable alternate which can replace the diesel. The major hurdles in the successful commercialization of biodiesel are high feedstock cost and conversion technology to reduce viscosity. The choice of raw material and biodiesel production method must depend upon techno-economical view. There are some specific regions for different types of oil availability. It is therefore required to produce biodiesel from the mixture of oils to fulfill the requirements of energy demand in a particular country according to its suitability and availability of feedstock. Karanja and Linseed crops are abundantly available in India. Biodiesel was produced from a mixture of Karanja and Linseed oils by alkaline transesterification. In this experimental study, biodiesel blends of 10%, 20% and 30% were used with diesel in a diesel engine at a constant speed of 1500 rpm with varying brake powers (loads) from 0.5 kW to 3.5kW to evaluate brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, brake specific energy consumption, exhaust gas temperature, mechanical efficiency, volumetric efficiency, air fuel ratio and smoke opacity. They were compared with diesel and found satisfactory. BTE was found to be 28.76% for B10 at 3.5kW load. Smoke opacity was also found to be reduced with all blends. Smoke opacity was found to be reduced up to 10.23% for B10 biodiesel blend as compared to that of diesel at 3.5kW. Experimental investigation has revealed that biodiesel produced from a mixture of Karanja and Linseed oils can be successfully used in diesel engines without any engine modification and B10 was found to be an optimum biodiesel blend in terms of brake thermal efficiency. Article History: Received April 14th 2016; Received in revised form June 25th 2016; Accepted July 10th 2016; Available online How to Cite This Article: Mohite. S, Kumar, S. & Maji, S. (2016) Performance characteristics of mix oil biodiesel blends with smoke emissions. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 5(2), 163-170. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.5.2.163-17

Volumetric, viscometric and optical study of molecular interactions in binary mixtures of diethyl malonate with ketones at 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15K

Density ρ, viscosity η, and refractive index nD were measured for the binary mixtures of diethyl malonate with ketones (acetophenone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone and 3-pentanone) at temperatures (303.15, 308.15 and 313.15) K over the entire composition range. Excess volume VE, deviation in viscosity Δη, excess Gibb’s free energy of activation for viscous flow ΔGE and deviation in molar refraction ÄR were determined from the experimental data and computed results were fitted to the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation. The values of VE, Δη, ΔGE, and ΔR were plotted against the mole fraction of diethyl malonate. The observed positive and negative values of excess parameters for all the studied binary mixtures were explained on the basis of intermolecular interactions present in these mixtures. Further different empirical relations were used to correlate the binary mixture viscosities and refractive indices

A Morphometric Analysis of Shape, Size and Position of Mental Foramen in Dry Human Mandibles

The anterolateral part of the mandible includes the Mental Foramen, which is responsible for transmitting mental blood vessels and nerves. When conducting surgical procedures in the mental area of the mandible and delivering localised anaesthesia, operators must possess an understanding of the anatomical morphology of mental foramen. Anaesthesia is used during dental treatments, such as suturing soft tissue lacerations in the mouth and biopsy, hence to prevent injury to mental nerve from exiting the foramen sound knowledge of variations in the morphology is must. The study\u27s objective was to elucidate, in an adult sample from department of anatomy—a region with little available information—the morphological characteristics and exact anatomical location of the mental foramen in relation to nearby anatomical markers. A total of 100 dry human mandibles of undetermined gender were employed in this research. They were acquired from Krishna institute of medical sciences, department of anatomy. The characteristics of the mental foramen, such as their dimension, form, quantity, placement, and measurements in relation to the anatomical landmarks encountered during an examination. The foramen was typically oval in form and positioned parallel to the second premolar tooth\u27s lengthwise line. It often opened in the general direction of the postero-superior

Analysis of Flow through Vaneless Contra-Rotating Turbine of Jet Propulsion Engine

As per the increasing demand of Jet propulsion Engine, it is required to improve the efficiency, reduction of weight and consideration of fuel consumption, which lead the researchers to arrive at an unconventional turbine known as vaneless contra rotating turbine (VCRT). The major advantage of this is in its compactness or in its ability to give high power/total weight. Research in this area is being pursued since many years. Scientists are putting their best to get the aim to its zenith. Such placement of flow path elements gives benefits, but needs special approach to organize flow inside the turbine. Modern aerodynamic designs, computational and optimization methodologies allow us to fulfill this task in the shortest period of time with the highest gain in turbine performance. The Aim of this topic is to understand the significance of blade design, geometries & domains and its effect in turbine efficiency & performance at various operating conditions. In this paper, three-dimensional multiblade row Navier-Stokes (3D RANS) simulations have been performed to investigate the flow characteristics of a VCRT. Bladegen modular are used to generate the Blades. TurboGrid modular is used for meshing. The turbine components are modeled for all the three spacing. In present work, 3D viscous flow simulation with SST k-? turbulence model is carried out in ANSYS CFX14.5. The flow in VCRT is very complex including several flow phenomena, such as turbulence, separation, swirling flow and unsteadiness flow. The variation of flow parameters from hub to tip of blades are presented in graphical form and average circumferential area (ACA) value of cascade parameters from inlet to outlet of the blades are computed at different operating regimes. The results of this analysis shows a good prediction of the flow behavior inside the blades and this lead to acceptable blade design, which can be used in VCRT