Reflexiones universitarias. San Pedro Valencia: renovación urbana, saneamiento ambiental y emprendimientos turísticos. Otoño 2015

Los trabajos que aquí se presentan se elaboraron por las y los estudiantes como parte de las actividades del Proyecto de Aplicación Profesional (PAP) “San Pedro Valencia: renovación urbana, saneamiento ambiental y emprendimientos turísticos”, durante el periodo de Otoño de 2015. A lo largo del periodo los autores compartieron sus reflexiones en torno a su percepción sobre el contexto en el que actúa el PAP; sobre las alternativas posibles a la problemática detectada y lo que significa pensar una alternativa; sobre los sujetos con los que se ha interactuado a lo largo de la experiencia de trabajo y sobre el papel del profesionista y del ciudadano en un mundo como el que nos tocó vivir. La obra está compuesta por reflexiones personales de las y los estudiantes que, explorando estas temáticas, comparten sus aprendizajes y observaciones de forma vívida.ITESO, A.C

French Basque and Béarnais trade diaspora from the Spanish Basque Country during the eighteenth century

Many French Basque and Béarnais merchants, such as Antonio and Fermin Tastet, settled in the Spanish Basque Country during the eighteenth century, were able to insert themselves into the Spanish global trade network thanks to their border location, cultural similarities, smuggling experience, links to the Royal Company of Caracas (set up in 1728), and personal connections. At the same time, they provided Spanish Basque merchants and ports with their own networks developed during the seventeenth century and the first half of the eighteenth century. In Spain, they amassed their fortunes, taking advantage of pre-existing trade networks and forging new relationships spanning and interconnecting all five continents. This was made possible by the presence of Spanish and French Basque and Béarnais merchants all over the world, who formed a trade diaspora. Where no Spanish, French Basque or Béarnais agent was available, these merchants usually had recourse to foreign agents, who at the same time represented European trading companiesThis study is part of the Basque University System’s Research Group “The Basque Country and America: Atlantic links and relationships” (OTRI EMU: GIC12/36; ref. Basque Government IT938-16) and belongs to I + D Project of Spanish Government’s Department of Economy and Competitiveness “The Nerves of War. The Mobilization of Military Resources and Construction of Spanish Monarchy during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries” (HAR2015-64165-C2-1-P

Microenvironment, cross-talk, and immune escape mechanisms

Hodgkin lymphoma is a unique malignancy in which reactive immune cells vastly outnumber the tumor cells. The microenvironment is essential in many different aspects of Hodgkin lymphoma biology and has ramifications for diagnosis, clinical presentation, and therapeutic options. In this chapter we review current knowledge on the Hodgkin lymphoma microenvironment. Its composition is highly variable and provides the basis for diagnostic subtyping. T cells are virtually always present and usually cluster together with the tumor cells in so-called rosettes. We describe mechanisms by which the tumor cells actively shape their cellular environment and how this ensures recruitment of tumor cell promoting growth factors. The tumor cells also need to employ a variety of immune escape mechanisms with a central role for antigen presentation through the human leukocyte antigen and associated immune checkpoints. Given the different pathogenetic functions of different cell types in the microenvironment, we end with reviewing data on the prognostic impact of the abundance of specific cell types