BIMA Array Observations of the Highly Unusual SiO Maser Source with a Bipolar Nebulosity, IRAS 19312+1950

We report the results of mapping observations of the bipolar nebula with SiO maser emission, IRAS 19312+1950, in the CO (J=1-0 and J=2-1), 13CO (J=1-0 and J=2-1), C18O (J=1-0), CS (J=2-1), SO (J_K=3_2-2_1) and HCO+ (J=3-2) lines with the Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland Association array. Evolutional status of this source has been evoking a controversy since its discovery, though SiO maser sources are usually identified as late-type stars with active mass loss. In line profiles, two kinematical components are found as reported in previous single-dish observations: a broad pedestal component and a narrow component. Spatio-kinetic properties of a broad component region traced by 12CO lines are roughly explained by a simple spherical outflow model with a typical expanding velocity of an AGB star, though some properties of the broad component region still conflict with properties of a typical AGB spherical outflow. A narrow component region apparently exhibits a bipolar flow. The angular size of the narrow component region is spatially larger than that of a broad component region. Intensity distribution of the CS emission avoids the central region of the source, and that of an SO broad component emission exhibits a small feature peaked exactly at the mapping center. According to the present results, if a broad component really originates in a spherical outflow, an oxygen-rich evolved stellar object seems to be a natural interpretation for the central star of IRAS 19312+1950.Comment: 27 pages, 11 figures; accepted for publication in Ap

Study of the Bipolar Nebula IRAS 19312+1950. I. Mapping Observations

IRAS 19312+1950 is an SiO maser source that exhibits a prominent bipolar nebulosity. Mapping observations of this object were made in the CO J=1--0, 13CO J=1--0, C18O J=1--0, CS J=2--1, and HCN J=1--0 lines and in the 150 GHz continuum band. Near-infrared imaging observations were also made in the J, H, and K-bands. The line profiles of the 12CO and HCN spectra consist of a weak broad component with a line width of about 50 km/s and a strong narrow component of the width of about 3 km/s. The profiles of the 13CO, C18O, and CS lines have only the narrow component. Both of the components have an intensity peak at the IRAS position. The narrow component was clearly resolved with a 15'' telescope beam. The spectral energy distribution of this object exhibits a doubly peaked profile between 1 and 25 micron. The 150 GHz continuum flux density was found to be 0.07 Jy, which is consistent with the flux density predicted by the expanding envelope model with a mass loss rate of ~10^{-4} M_sun/y at a distance of 2.5 kpc. We argue that the broad component originates from the expanding envelope of this object, and that the hot dust cloud, which is the source of the narrow component, is also physically associated with this object. Though the present observations do not preclude the possibility of a young stellar object, we argue that it is less plausible. We conclude that IRAS 19312+1950 is an AGB/post-AGB star that is evolved from a massive progenitor.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures (jpg), high resolution figures available as no598 in http://www.nro.nao.ac.jp/library/report/list.html. PASJ, 56 No. 1 in pres

Correlation between Infrared Colors and Intensity Ratios of SiO Maser Lines

We present the results of SiO millimeter-line observations of a sample of known SiO maser sources covering a wide dust-temperature range. A cold part of the sample was selected from the SiO maser sources found in our recent SiO maser survey of cold dusty objects. The aim of the present research is to investigate the causes of the correlation between infrared colors and SiO maser intensity ratios among different transition lines. In particular, the correlation between infrared colors and SiO maser intensity ratio among the J=1-0 v=1, 2, and 3 lines are mainly concerned in this paper. We observed in total 75 SiO maser sources with the Nobeyama 45m telescope quasi-simultaneously in the SiO J=1-0 v=0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and J=2-1 v=1, 2 lines. We also observed the sample in the 29SiO J=1-0 v=0 and J=2-1 v=0, and 30SiO J=1-0 v=0 lines, and the H2O 6(1,6)-5(2,3) line. As reported in previous papers, we confirmed that the intensity ratios of the SiO J=1-0 v=2 to v=1 lines clearly correlate with infrared colors. In addition, we found possible correlation between infrared colors and the intensity ratios of the SiO J=1-0 v=3 to v=1&2 lines. Two overlap lines of H2O (i.e., 11(6,6) nu_2=1 -> 12(7,5) nu_2=0 and 5(0,5) nu_2=2 -> 6(3,4) nu_2=1) might explain these correlation if these overlap lines become stronger with increase of infrared colors, although the phenomena also might be explained by more fundamental ways if we take into account the variation of opacity from object to object.Comment: 49 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ. Full resolution version available at http://www.asiaa.sinica.edu.tw/~junichi/paper

Identification of Very Red Counterparts of SiO Maser and OH/IR Objects in the GLIMPSE Survey

Using the 3.6/4.5/5.8/8.0 micron images with 1.2 arcsec pixel resolution from the Spitzer/GLIMPSE survey, we investigated 23 masing and 18 very red objects that were not identified in the 2MASS survey. Counterparts for all selected objects were found in the GLIMPSE images. Color indices in these IR bands suggest the presence of a high-extinction layer of more than a few tenths of a solar mass in front of the central star. Furthermore, radio observations in the SiO and H2O maser lines found characteristic maser-line spectra of the embedded objects, e.g., the SiO J=1-0 line intensity in the v=2 state stronger than that of the v=1 state, or very widespread H2O maser emission spectra. This indicates that these objects are actually enshrouded by very thick circumstellar matter, some of which cannot be ascribed to the AGB wind of the central star. Individually interesting objects are discussed, including two newly found water fountains and an SiO source with nebulosity.Comment: High resolution figures available at ftp://ftp.nro.nao.ac.jp/nroreport/no653.pdf.gz. ApJ No. 655 no.1 issue in pres

Disk-Like Structure in the Semi-Regular Pulsating Star, X Her

The author reports a result of an interferometric observation of the semiragular pulsating star with an unusual narrow molecular line profile, X Her, in the CO J=1-0 line with the Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland array. In the CO spectrum, a double-component profile (including narrow and broad components) is seen as reported by previous observations. The narrow component consists of two spiky peaks. The spatial structure of the board component shows bipolar shape, and that of the narrow component shows an elliptical/spherical shape. The two peaks in the narrow component show a systematic difference in the integrated intensity map. The kinematical and geometrical properties of the narrow component are reminiscent of a Keplerian rotating disk with the central mass of 0.9 M_sun, though an interpretation by an expansion disk seems to be more natural. A secondary bipolar flow instead of the disk cannot be fully excluded as an interpretation of the narrow line.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figues, accepted for publication in Ap

Galactic-Center Hyper-Shell Model for the North Polar Spurs

The bipolar-hyper shell (BHS) model for the North Polar Spurs (NPS-E, -W, and Loop I) and counter southern spurs (SPS-E and -W) is revisited based on numerical hydrodynamical simulations. Propagations of shock waves produced by energetic explosive events in the Galactic Center are examined. Distributions of soft X-ray brightness on the sky at 0.25, 0.7, and 1.5 keV in a +/-50 deg x +/-50 deg region around the Galactic Center are modeled by thermal emission from high-temperature plasma in the shock-compressed shell considering shadowing by the interstellar HI and H2 gases. The result is compared with the ROSAT wide field X-ray images in R2, 4 and 6 bands. The NPS and southern spurs are well reproduced by the simulation as shadowed dumbbell-shaped shock waves. We discuss the origin and energetics of the event in relation to the starburst and/or AGN activities in the Galactic Center. [ High resolution pdf is available at http://www.ioa.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~sofue/htdocs/2016bhs/ ]Comment: 13 pages, 20 figures; To appear in MNRA