Surface and interface study of pulsed-laser-deposited off-stoichiometric NiMnSb thin films on Si(100) substrate

We report a detailed study of surface and interface properties of pulsed-laser deposited NiMnSb films on Si (100) substrate as a function of film thickness. As the thickness of films is reduced below 35 nm formation of a porous layer is observed. Porosity in this layer increases with decrease in NiMnSb film thickness. These morphological changes of the ultra thin films are reflected in the interesting transport and magnetic properties of these films. On the other hand, there are no influences of compositional in-homogeneity and surface/interface roughness on the magnetic and transport properties of the films.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures, Submitted to Phys. Rev.

Nanocrystalline Zr3Al Made through Amorphization by Repeated Cold Rolling and Followed by Crystallization

The intermetallic compound Zr3Al is severely deformed by the method of repeated cold rolling. By X-ray diffraction it is shown that this leads to amorphization. TEM investigations reveal that a homogeneously distributed debris of very small nanocrystals is present in the amorphous matrix that is not resolved by X-ray diffraction. After heating to 773 K, the crystallization of the amorphous structure leads to a fully nanocrystalline structure of small grains (10 - 20 nm in diameter) of the non-equilibrium Zr2Al phase. It is concluded that the debris retained in the amorphous phase acts as nuclei. After heating to 973 K the grains grow to about 100 nm in diameter and the compound Zr3Al starts to form, that is corresponding to the alloy composition

Should I Leave or Not? The Role of LMX and Organizational Climate in Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Turnover Relationship

This study attempts to investigate the complex nature of the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and turnover intentions. We argue that leader member exchange and organizational climate will moderate the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and turnover intentions. The results of hierarchical regression analysis conducted on the data obtained from 216 employees working in the retail industry provide support to the hypothesized relationships. Implications for management practice and future research directions are discussed

INDIGENOUS CASTOR OIL BIODIESEL AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL FOR DIESEL ENGINE

Rising petroleum prices, increasing threat to the environment from exhaust emissions and global warming have generated intense international interest in developing alternative non-petroleum fuels for engines. The present work aims to find out the prospects and opportunities of using methyl esters of castor as fuels in an automobile. The suitability of such fuels in transportation vehicles helps in saving foreign exchange and use can be made of locally available resources. Tests were conducted on a four stroke, four cylinder, D.I. diesel engine with Diesel and Biodiesel. The results of the emission tests on smoke meter are compared for 100% castor biodiesel (BC100) with that of neat diesel. No modifications were done on the engine. The results indicate that there is a reduction of 30%-35% in smoke density while using Biodiesel. It can be thus be concluded that methyl esters of castor oil can be used as a substitute for diesel fuel in automobiles

Information Retrieval Using Context Based Document Indexing and Term Graph

Information retrieval is task of retrieving relevant information according to query of user. An idea is presented in this paper about document retrieval using context based indexing and term weighting approach. Here lexical association is used to separate content carrying terms and background terms. Content carrying terms are used as they give idea about theme of the document. Indexing weight calculation is done for content carrying terms. Lexical association measure is used to calculate indexing weight of terms. The term having higher indexing weight is considered as important and sentence which contains these terms is also important. The summary of document is prepared. The graph of word approach is used here for information retrieval. The terms are weighted according to in-degree of vertices in document graph. When user enters search query, the important terms are matched with the terms with higher weights in order to retrieve documents. The documents which are relevant are retrieved according to weight of terms. Weight of term is determined using term graph. Term weight – Inverse document frequency scoring function is used to retrieve relevant documents. Using this approach information can be retrieved efficiently. Performance of retrieval will be improved as time required to search documents is less using proposed approach

Energetics and atomic mechanisms of dislocation nucleation in strained epitaxial layers

We study numerically the energetics and atomic mechanisms of misfit dislocation nucleation and stress relaxation in a two-dimensional atomistic model of strained epitaxial layers on a substrate with lattice misfit. Relaxation processes from coherent to incoherent states for different transition paths are studied using interatomic potentials of Lennard-Jones type and a systematic saddle point and transition path search method. The method is based on a combination of repulsive potential minimization and the Nudged Elastic Band method. For a final state with a single misfit dislocation, the minimum energy path and the corresponding activation barrier are obtained for different misfits and interatomic potentials. We find that the energy barrier decreases strongly with misfit. In contrast to continuous elastic theory, a strong tensile-compressive asymmetry is observed. This asymmetry can be understood as manifestation of asymmetry between repulsive and attractive branches of pair potential and it is found to depend sensitively on the form of the potential.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.

Transformational Leadership Theory and Exploring the Perceptions of Diversity Management in Higher Education

With the introduction of diversity policies and diversity management programs, the intent of the top administration and what is enforced at the lower levels may vary. This paper examines underlying factors that would impact the perception of the established diversity management program by lower-level employees in tertiary education institutions. We will then outline how transactional leadership and transformational leadership of the supervisors may impact the perceptions of diversity management in higher education. We will conclude by focusing on areas for future research in diversity management within the higher education context

A New Approach of Clustering Feedback Sessions for Inferring User Search Goals

Internet information is growing every day exponentially. In order to find out the exact required information from this web search engines has become absolutely necessary tool for the web users. It has also become more difficult to provide user the required information. When Different users provide an ambiguous query to a search engine, they might be having different search goals. Therefore, it is required to find and analyze user search goals to improve the performance of a search engine and user experience. By representing the results in cluster we find out different user search goals for a query. It has advantages in improving search engine relevance and user experience. It extends the delivery and quality of internet information services to the end user. It also improves performance of Web server system. Query classification, search result reorganization and session boundary detection are the approaches attempt to find out user search goals. But the mentioned approaches has many limitations. A new approach has been implemented that overcomes the limitations and analyze, discover user search goals using feedback sessions. This approach first takes the user search query. For each single result of the search query pseudo-documents are generated. Using K-means++ clustering algorithm, these pseudo-documents are clustered. Each cluster can be considered as one user search goal. Finally in restructured result is given to the user where each URL is categorized into a cluster centered by the inferred search goals. Then depending upon user click through, results are restructured and represented to the user in order to satisfy the information need. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15071

Survey on the Use of Feedback Sessions for Inferring User Search Goals

Largest source of web traffic are search engines. Search engines are being used by different kind of users for different purpose. When users are searching something they have a different search goal in mind. Thus the queries are mostly ambiguous one. In order to improve search engine relevance and thus user experience inference and analysis of user search is required. To get the best results it is needful to capture different user search goals. This paper first talks about the different ways of inferring user search goals. Then insights of new approach has been discussed. A new algorithm firstly specifies a framework to analyze user search goals by clustering feedback sessions. There should be a proper way to represent these feedback sessions. In the second step of this algorithm pseudo-documents are prepared to represent feedback sessions. With this original results are restructured. This in turn is used to select optimal user search goals

Fuzzy min-max neural networks for categorical data: application to missing data imputation

The fuzzy min–max neural network classifier is a supervised learning method. This classifier takes the hybrid neural networks and fuzzy systems approach. All input variables in the network are required to correspond to continuously valued variables, and this can be a significant constraint in many real-world situations where there are not only quantitative but also categorical data. The usual way of dealing with this type of variables is to replace the categorical by numerical values and treat them as if they were continuously valued. But this method, implicitly defines a possibly unsuitable metric for the categories. A number of different procedures have been proposed to tackle the problem. In this article, we present a new method. The procedure extends the fuzzy min–max neural network input to categorical variables by introducing new fuzzy sets, a new operation, and a new architecture. This provides for greater flexibility and wider application. The proposed method is then applied to missing data imputation in voting intention polls. The micro data—the set of the respondents’ individual answers to the questions—of this type of poll are especially suited for evaluating the method since they include a large number of numerical and categorical attributes