Biofilter aquaponic system for nutrients removal from fresh market wastewater

Aquaponics is a significant wastewater treatment system which refers to the combination of conventional aquaculture (raising aquatic organism) with hydroponics (cultivating plants in water) in a symbiotic environment. This system has a high ability in removing nutrients compared to conventional methods because it is a natural and environmentally friendly system (aquaponics). The current chapter aimed to review the possible application of aquaponics system to treat fresh market wastewater with the intention to highlight the mechanism of phytoremediation occurs in aquaponic system. The literature revealed that aquaponic system was able to remove nutrients in terms of nitrogen and phosphorus

Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metal Toxicity in the Vegetables of Mahalgaon, Nagpur, Maharashtra (India)

Mahalgaon is a village in Kamptee Taluka, Nagpur district of Maharashtra state, India. Most of the village formers from this village are engaged in vegetable cultivation and the village serves as one of the main supplier of vegetables required in the Nagpur market. All the fields and farms of this region are irrigated by the Nag river water which is highly polluted by urban waste and heavy metals. The purpose of this study was to study the bioaccumulation of heavy metals i.e. Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn, Ni and Pb in Water, Soil and Vegetables irrigated by Nag River water and to evaluate the level of bioaccumulation of the metals by the different vegetables. For this study five farms were selected in the Mahalgaon region. Each farm was situated near the bank of Nag River. The sampling was carried out according to grab method as given in APHA for the sampling of water, soil and vegetables. The concentration of heavy metals (Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn, Ni, Pb) were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). It was found that in water the concentration of Iron and zinc was highest whereas conc. of Nickel and lead was lowest. The concentration of Fe and Zn in the soil samples was very high compared to the WHO/FAO maximum permissive limits while the concentrations of Cu and Mn were slightly above the permissible limits. The concentration of Pb and Ni were below the detection limits in soil. On the other hand in all the vegetables, the concentration of heavy metals was higher than the WHO/FAO permissible limits. the soil-plant transfer factor of different heavy metals shows the following order- TFZn> TFFe>TFCu>TFNi>TFMn>TFPb

An overview of the utilisation of microalgae biomass derived from nutrient recycling of wet market wastewater and slaughterhouse wastewater

Microalgae have high nutritional values for aquatic organisms compared to fish meal, because microalgae cells are rich in proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. However, the high cost for the commercial production of microalgae biomass using fresh water or artificial media limits its use as fish feed. Few studies have investigated the potential of wet market wastewater and slaughterhouse wastewater for the production of microalgae biomass. Hence, this study aims to highlight the potential of these types of wastewater as an alternative superior medium for microalgae biomass as they contain high levels of nutrients required for microalgae growth. This paper focuses on the benefits of microalgae biomass produced during the phycore-mediation of wet market wastewater and slaughterhouse wastewater as fish feed. The extraction techniques for lipids and proteins as well as the studies conducted on the use of microalgae biomass as fish feed were reviewed. The results showed that microalgae biomass can be used as fish feed due to feed utilisation efficiency, physiological activity, increased resistance for several diseases, improved stress response, and improved protein retention

Formulation And Evaluation of Polyherbal Powdered Shampoo for Healthy Hair

Herbal powder shampoos have gained popularity as natural alternatives to chemical-based hair cleansers. They offer nourishment and cleansing without harmful additives. This study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of three herbal powder shampoo variants, each composed of carefully selected botanical ingredients known for their beneficial effects on hair health. The key ingredients include “Hibiscus, Amla, Reetha, Shikakai, Flaxseed, Henna, Rosemary, and Rose Petals”. Each ingredient contributes unique properties such as cleansing, conditioning, strengthening, and promoting hair growth. Hibiscus enhances shine and reduces hair fall, Amla is rich in antioxidants, Reetha provides natural cleansing, and Shikakai aids scalp health. Flaxseeds retain moisture, Henna conditions hair, Rosemary stimulates growth, and Rose Petals offer a soothing fragrance. The study involves preparation, phytochemical screening, and evaluation of the formulated shampoo in terms of pH, foaming capacity, solubility, washability and stability.The formulations differ slightly in ingredient proportions to optimize effectiveness for different hair types and concerns. Formulation 1 focuses on balanced cleansing and conditioning. Formulation 2 enhances cleansing properties, and Formulation 3 emphasizes scalp nourishment and hair strengthening. While Formulation 3 has the highest cleansing power due to increased Reetha and Amla, its lower conditioning agents make it less suitable for dry or normal hair. In contrast, Formulation 1 offers a balanced mix of cleansing and hydration, making it ideal for most hair types. Therefore, Formulation 1 is considered the best for maintaining scalp health and hair softness, while Formulation 3 is better suited for oily hair

Assessment of mechanical properties by using powder waste glass with cement in concrete mix

Abstract The normal concrete is vital and economical but the maintenance cost of normal concrete is large on the other hand if the concrete is replaced with waste material which is useful in concrete production then maintenance cost is less and also workability, durability, and strength is very precious as compared to normal concrete. C&amp;D waste materials replace with raw materials in concrete improves the compressive strength and workability at less to moderate grade and proportions as compared to normal concrete. Production of cement is a highly affect the environment by its energy-intensive property, the production rate of cement is increasing day by day due to construction and development hence it is important to look out for materials which can replace the cement for promoting sustainability and green technology based construction. A promising C&amp;D material like waste glass can replace as cement and it is to prevent essential materials. The powder glass waste in concrete manufacturing makes it economical in construction site. In this study the powder waste glass in various % ratio so that the property of hardened strength of concrete is find higher as the concrete control mix. PWG was replacing with cement in multiple percentages such as 5 to 40 % in variable of 5 %. Control mix is also made for relative reasons Test of hardened strength outcomes indicated that on 30% PWG was Replacement with cement for M30 mix of concrete the workability was good and Mechanical strength-noted were maximum than the strength of normal M30 mix.</jats:p

Indian Diabetes Risk Score for Screening of Undiagnosed Diabetic Subjects of Bhopal City

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Efficacy Of Syndromic Approach in Urban Slum of Bhopal

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Utilization of Waste Glass for Enhancement of Chemical Properties of Concrete

The world is facing a huge problem of waste generation; among these, solid waste in the form of glass has become a prime concern for the environment. The composition of the glass is silica-based, and its utilization in the preparation of concrete can be an efficient step in the direction of sustainable development by reducing the cement content. The formation of secondary calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) could take place due to the pozzolanic reaction of the fine ground glass with the cement. TGA techniques were used in this research to investigate the chemical properties of the waste glass, and later, these were compared with the properties of the cement. By keeping a constant w/b ratio for all the replacement levels from 0% to 35%, the evaluation of the workability and compressive strength were done. The evaluation showed that workability increased with an increase in the content of the waste glass. With 7 and 28 days cured samples, the strength and chemical investigation were conducted on the samples prepared with the same mix design. Constant Dose of superplasticizer used by weight of cement for mixes as 0.8%. Compared with the control sample, The level of replacement of waste glass to cement as 30% has depicted the augmentation in the compressive strength. Thus, the use of waste glass was found to be cost-effective and an environment-friendly solution for the sustainable development of concrete.</jats:p