Bioconjugation of Green Fluorescent Protein via an Unexpectedly Stable Cyclic Sulfonium Intermediate

Bioconjugation of superfolder GFP involving the formation of an unusually stable, and unprecedented, cyclic sulfonium species is described. This sulfonium can undergo smooth reaction with a range of nucleophiles to give sulfur-, selenium- and azide-modified GFP derivatives in high conversions

Impact on Shear Bond Strength of Ceramic to Castable Nickel Chromium Beryllium-Free Alloys Following Lanthanum Addition: An In-Vitro Study

Introduction: Metal-ceramic restorations are crucial in dental prosthetics, but adhesive failures between ceramic and metal frameworks can weaken their effectiveness and longevity. Nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) alloys, routinely utilized in these restorations, might encounter adhesive bond strength and biocompatibility issues. This study explores adding lanthanum to Ni-Cr beryllium-free alloys to enhance the alloy\u27s microstructure and strengthen the metal-ceramic bond, aiming to improve restoration durability and efficiency. Objectives: The purpose is to test the shear bond strength of castable Ni-Cr beryllium-free alloy to porcelain after adding lanthanum by weight (0.07%) and assess its impact on bond strength. Methods: Sixty cylindrical wax patterns (5 mm diameter, 15 mm height) were fabricated and divided into two groups: Group A (control group, Ni-Cr alloy without lanthanum) and Group B (with 0.07% wt. lanthanum micro-particles added during casting). The wax patterns were induction cast, then trimmed, polished, and measured. Ceramics sintering measuring 5 mm in height and 5 mm in diameter were built on top of a metal cylinder. A universal testing machine was used to evaluate shear bond strength. The statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS software version 29.0. Results: The mean shear bond strengths (MPa) for Group A was 30.64 (SD = 7.803), while Group B had a mean of 48.35 (SD = 7.803). Statistical analysis utilize the Student\u27s t-test demonstrated a significant difference between the groups (P < 0.05). This finding indicates that the addition of lanthanum significantly improved the shear bond strength of the nickel-chromium beryllium-free castable alloy. Conclusions: The addition of 0.07% lanthanum significantly improved the bond strength between Ni-Cr beryllium-free alloy and ceramic thereby enhancing restoration durability, biocompatibility, and patient satisfaction

Prevention Techniques on Cyber Crimes

With the increased use of computer and subsequent utility of internet cyber security has become a major problem. Due to technological advancement, we rely on internet and have absolute application for all the requirements in day-to-day life. Internet has given access to everything while sitting in a single location such as online shopping, online classes, online marketing, online jobs and everything.  Cybercrimes are distinct from other crimes which occur in society. Cyber-crimes do not have territorial jurisdiction limits and faces are also unknown affecting every common man. Cybercrimes are generally associated with the use of computer, laptops mobile phones and other digital devices. It is also called as Digital Crime which is an offence targeted at computer data and its systems having unauthorized access, tempering, theft, modification, manipulations, corruption and so on are carried out. A digital or cybercrimes can occur when vulnerability is observed and is exploited in the system. Vulnerabilities are of various types that expose the system at risk, it may be Physical, Human, Hardware or software vulnerabilities. Generally, Cybercrimes are committed by highly skilled individuals or well competent and technically advanced organizations targeting the systems or data using viruses and other types of malwares or using digital devices to commit other ordinary crimes. This article on cybercrimes and preventive measures aims at focusing on the study of cybercrimes its types, legal challenges and very important how to mitigate its risk. It also aims at making the study on Cyber offences and Punishments as laid under the Information Technology Act 200

The interplay between consumer protection and competition law in India

The protection of the interests of consumers is a central aspect of all modern competition laws as well as a direct aim of consumer protection laws. However, despite being complementary in many ways, competition and consumer protection laws cover different issues and employ different methods to achieve their goals. While consumer protection rules are built upon the premise that consumers are the weaker party to transactions and should be directly protected for this reason in their dealings with traders through certain consumer rights, competition law only indirectly protects the consumers’ economic well-being by ensuring that the markets are subject to effective competition. This article explores the interplay between consumer protection and competition law in the Indian context with some comparison with the EU position, where relevant. After an examination of the relevant legislation and case law, the article finds that given that the mandate of the Competition Commission of India is to prevent practices having an adverse effect on competition, in cases of overlap between consumer protection and competition laws, the Authority should act only on the basis of adverse effects on competition. The treatment of ‘unfair trade practices’ is used to demonstrate the appropriateness of this approach

Radiological outcome of hamstring graft after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with augmentation of bone marrow aspirate concentrate

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are common injuries in the athletic population. Surgical intervention is required for ACL tears as it restores the knee function and it prevents early osteoarthritis. In the recent research there is increasing use of bone marrow aspirate concentrate in orthopaedics. Bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) provides mesenchymal stem cells progenitor cells and growth factors which has potential benefits in hamstring graft healing after ACL reconstruction.Methods: This was a prospective randomized case control study carried out between May 2017 and June 2020. 30 patients between age group of 18 to 40 years with complete ACL tear were divided into two groups which consisted of the control group in which only ACL reconstruction was done and second group in which ACL reconstruction was done augmenting it with bone marrow aspirate concentrate. For the BMAC group, 3 ml of BMAC was obtained in the operation theatre itself and was injected into femoral tunnel and the tibia tunnel just before portal suturing. MRI was obtained post operatively at 6 months and at 1 year. Graft healing was seen as the time taken for the graft to reach ligamentization phase when the graft became hyper intense or was visualized similar to PCL or the remnant which was preserved during reconstruction in all cases.Results: Most of the patients in which augmentation (86%) was done healed at 6 month as compared to those who were not augmented (13%).Conclusions: BMAC showed faster and better healing of the graft in ACL reconstruction

Vitamin D deficiency contributes directly to the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Rationale: Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated as a pathogenic factor in sepsis and intensive therapy unit mortality but has not been assessed as a risk factor for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Causality of these associations has never been demonstrated. Objectives: To determine if ARDS is associated with vitamin D deficiency in a clinical setting and to determine if vitamin D deficiency in experimental models of ARDS influences its severity. Methods: Human, murine and in vitro primary alveolar epithelial cell work were included in this study. Findings: Vitamin D deficiency (plasma 25(OH)D levels 600 genes. In a clinical setting, pharmacological repletion of vitamin D prior to oesophagectomy reduced the observed changes of in vivo measurements of alveolar capillary damage seen in deficient patients. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is common in people who develop ARDS. This deficiency of vitamin D appears to contribute to the development of the condition, and approaches to correct vitamin D deficiency in patients at risk of ARDS should be developed

Ecosystem-Driven Design of In-Home Terminals Based on Open Platform for the

Abstract—In-home healthcare services based on the Internet-of-Things (IoT) have great business potentials. To turn it into reality, a business ecosystem should be established first. Technical solutions should therefore aim for a cooperative ecosystem by meeting the interoperability, security, and system integration requirements. In this paper, we propose an ecosystem-driven design strategy and apply it in the design of an open-platform-based in-home healthcare terminal. A cooperative business ecosystem is formulated by merging the traditiona

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

A rapid, site-selective and efficient route to the dual modification of DARPins.

Designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) are valuable tools in both biochemistry and medicine. Herein we describe a rapid, simple method for the dual modification of DARPins by introduction of cysteine mutations at specific positions that results in a vast difference in their thiol nucleophilicity, allowing for clean sequential modification