Morphology, Mineralogy and Chemistry of an Ex-Mining Land in Ipoh, Perak

A study was carried out to characterize the 20.3 ha of ex-mining land at Kg. Kepayang Baru, Ipoh. The study shows that the ex-mining land can be classified into three groups i. e., sandy, clayey and a mixture of sandy and clayey deposits. The bases, organic carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen contents are very low. The cation exchange capacity is low, but pH is very high. The dominant minerals in the clay fraction are kaolinite, mica and chlorite

Mineralogy and Surface Charge Properties of two Acid Sulfate Soils from Peninsular Malaysia

Two acid sulfate soils sampled from an oil palm estate in Perak, Peninsular Malaysia, were studied. The soils were characterized by a low pH and the presence of yellowish mottles, which were identified as jarosite and/or natrojarosite. Other minerals present were kaolinite, mica, mica-smectite and smectite. The negative charges on the soil surface were found to increase significantly with an increase in pH. This increase was not related to the presence of oxides and/or hydroxides as these materials were present in very small amounts in the soils. On account of the increase in the negative charges with an increase in pH, it is suggested that CEC of acid sulfate soils be determined at soil pH to give a better reflection of the soil properties. Further, it was found that the soils were highly buffered at pH 3 - 5. The strong buffering at this pH range was related to the presence of high amounts ofaluminium in the soil

TRANSACTION COSTS AND FISHERIES CO-MANAGEMENT

Fisheries co-management as an alternative to centralized command and control fisheries management is often suggested as a solution to the problems of fisheries resource use conflicts and overexploitation. This paper highlights some elements of the transaction costs under a fisheries co-management system. The transaction costs can be categorized into three major cost items: (i) information costs, (ii) collective fisheries decision-making costs, and (iii) collective operational costs. An approach to measuring transaction costs of fisheries co-management systems both in static and dynamic processes is also proposed. There is a need to empirically evaluate the nature of the transaction costs involved in fisheries co-management institutions as a basis for evaluating the efficiency or net benefits of co-managed fisheries compared to centrally managed fisheries.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Some new well-posedness results for continuity and transport equations, and applications to the chromatography system

We obtain various new well-posedness results for continuity and transport equations, among them an existence and uniqueness theorem (in the class of strongly continuous solutions) in the case of nearly incompressible vector fields, possibly having a blow-up of the BV norm at the initial time. We apply these results (valid in any space dimension) to the k x k chromatography system of conservation laws and to the k x k Keyfitz and Kranzer system, both in one space dimension.Comment: 33 pages, minor change

Adsorption of acid orange 7 by cetylpyridinium bromide modified sugarcane bagasse

In the present study, the adsorption of acid orange 7 (AO7) dye from aqueous solution by sugarcane bagasse (SB) and cetylpyridinium bromide (CPBr) modified sugarcane bagasse (SBC) was examined. SBC was prepared by reacting SB with different concentrations (0.1, 1.0 and 4.0 mM) of cationic surfactant, CPBr. The SB and SBC were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The adsorption experiments were carried out in a batch mode. The effect of initial AO7 concentrations (5-1000 mg/L), initial CPBr concentrations and pH of AO7 solution (2-9) on the adsorption capacity of SB and SBC were investigated. The experimental adsorption data were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The adsorption of AO7 onto SB and SBC followed Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models, respectively. The maximum uptake of AO7 was obtained by SBC4.0 (SB treated with 4.0 mMCPBr) with the adsorption capacity of 144.928 mg/g. The highest AO7 removal was found to be at pH 2 and 7 for SB and SBC, respectively. As a conclusion, sugarcane bagasse modified with CPBr can become an alternative adsorbent for the removal of anionic compounds in aqueous solution

Distance Properties of Short LDPC Codes and their Impact on the BP, ML and Near-ML Decoding Performance

Parameters of LDPC codes, such as minimum distance, stopping distance, stopping redundancy, girth of the Tanner graph, and their influence on the frame error rate performance of the BP, ML and near-ML decoding over a BEC and an AWGN channel are studied. Both random and structured LDPC codes are considered. In particular, the BP decoding is applied to the code parity-check matrices with an increasing number of redundant rows, and the convergence of the performance to that of the ML decoding is analyzed. A comparison of the simulated BP, ML, and near-ML performance with the improved theoretical bounds on the error probability based on the exact weight spectrum coefficients and the exact stopping size spectrum coefficients is presented. It is observed that decoding performance very close to the ML decoding performance can be achieved with a relatively small number of redundant rows for some codes, for both the BEC and the AWGN channels

Characterization of flow rate and Heat Loss in Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Duct System for Office Building

A building is an assemblage that is firmly attached to the ground and provides the performance of human activities and need to be considered in the daily operation in that building. The improvements in building performance are focused on improving the energy efficiency of buildings. This is approach by designing heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) duct system due to one of the most utilized energy in maintaining building performance and environment. The objectives of this research is to calculate the air (CFM) supply in office building, to characterize the velocity and head loss in a round and rectangular HVAC ducting system at various duct thickness and to optimize the thickness of the duct in HVAC system according to ASHRAE Standard. The increasing of velocity in duct system shows the increasing of head loss. The round duct design gives the lowest velocity and head loss in HVAC system approximately around 9.35% as compared to rectangular duct at 0.06 inches thickness. Hence, the trends of the head loss and duct thickness has influenced in reducing noise in HVAC duct system in order to select the best design concepts which is round shape design

Transaction costs and fisheries co-management

Fisheries co-management as an alternative to centralized command and control fisheries management is often suggested as a solution to the problems of fisheries resource use conflicts and overexploitation. This paper highlights some elements of the transaction costs under a fisheries co-management system. The transaction costs can be categorized into three major cost items: (i) information costs, (ii) collective fisheries decision-making costs, and (iii) collective operational costs. An approach to measuring transaction costs of fisheries co-management systems both in static and dynamic processes is also proposed. There is a need to empirically evaluate the nature of the transaction costs involved in fisheries co-management institutions as a basis for evaluating the efficiency or net benefits of co-managed fisheries compared to centrally managed fisheries