Pengaruh Sistem Olah Tanah Dan Aplikasi Mulsa Bagas Pada Pertanaman Tebu (Saccharum Officinarum L.) Terhadap Populasi Mikroorganisme Pelarut Fosfat Di PT. GMP Lampung Tengah

Sugarcane plantation atPT Gunung Madu Plantation (GMP) has done intensive tillage since 1975. To maintain sustainable production and soil fertility is necessary to manage soil according to good soil conservation. The good choice to maintaince soil quality is no-tillage and mulching system. The research was carried out since July 2010,phosphate solubilizing microorganismwere observedat9 and 12 months after ratoon one, in April and July 2012. The research was designed as a split plot with a randomized block design (RBD) with 5 replications . Main plot are tillage system that consists of no-tillage (T0) and tillage (T1). The subplots were application of baggase mulch. Consisting ofwithout bagasse mulch application (M0) andwith 80 t ha-1baggase mulch (M1). Data were analyzed by analysis of variance at the level of 1% and 5%, which previously had been analyzed with the Bartlett test forHomogeneity and Additivity with Tukey test, and followed by LSD test at the level of 1% and 5%. The results showed that the tillage system and bagasse mulch application did not give significant effect on the population of phosphate solubilizing microorganism. Correlation test results showed that the phosphate solubilizing microorganism population has no correlation with organic C, total N, soil pH, soil moisture, soil temperature, and available P

The Politics of Violence

Regarding violence in Lebano

Activity of Soil Microorganisms During the Growth of Sweet Corn (Zea Mays Saccharata Sturt) in the Second Planting TIME with the Application of Fertilizers and Biochar

Efforts to increase the production of sweet corn can be done with the application of fertilizers, either inorganic, organic orits combination. In addition, the application of soil amendments such as biochar is also expected to improve soil fertility that will indirectly increase the production of sweet corn.Organonitrophos fertilizer is an organic fertilizer developed by lecturers of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. The research was aimed to study effect the combination of organonitrophos, and inorganic fertilizers, biochar and the interaction between fertilizer combination and biochar on soil respiration and soil microbial biomass.The research was conducted in the Integrated Field Laboratory of Lampung University using 6x2 factorial in a Randomized Block Design with 3 replications. The first factor was six levels combination of organonitrophos and inorganic fertilizers (P0, P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5). The second factor was two levels of biochar dosage (B0 and B1). Data was analyzed by Analysis of Variance and followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD)Test at 5% level. The observed variables were soil microorganism activity likely soil respiration and soil microbial biomass. The results showed that P3B1treatment (300 kg Urea ha-1, 125 kg SP-36 ha-1, 100 kg KCl ha-1 + 2500 kg organoitrophos ha-1) was the highest soil respiration at of 60 days after planting (DAP). P5 treatment (5000 kg Organonitrophos ha-1) has the highest soil microbial biomasscompared to other treatments at 60 and 90 DAP. B1 treatment (5000 kg biochar ha-1) has higher soil respiration and soil microbial biomasscompared to treatment (0 kg biochar ha-1. There was an interaction between combination of organonitrophos and inorganic fertilizers and biochar on soil respiration at 90 DAP. However, there was no interaction between fertilizer combination and biochar on soil microbial biomass

Consistent signatures of selection from genomic analysis of pairs of temporal and spatial Plasmodium falciparum populations from The Gambia

Genome sequences of 247 Plasmodium falciparum isolates collected in The Gambia in 2008 and 2014 were analysed to identify changes possibly related to the scale-up of antimalarial interventions that occurred during this period. Overall, there were 15 regions across the genomes with signatures of positive selection. Five of these were sweeps around known drug resistance and antigenic loci. Signatures at antigenic loci such as thrombospodin related adhesive protein (Pftrap) were most frequent in eastern Gambia, where parasite prevalence and transmission remain high. There was a strong temporal differentiation at a non-synonymous SNP in a cysteine desulfarase (Pfnfs) involved in iron-sulphur complex biogenesis. During the 7-year period, the frequency of the lysine variant at codon 65 (Pfnfs-Q65K) increased by 22% (10% to 32%) in the Greater Banjul area. Between 2014 and 2015, the frequency of this variant increased by 6% (20% to 26%) in eastern Gambia. IC50 for lumefantrine was significantly higher in Pfnfs-65K isolates. This is probably the first evidence of directional selection on Pfnfs or linked loci by lumefantrine. Given the declining malaria transmission, the consequent loss of population immunity, and sustained drug pressure, it is important to monitor Gambian P. falciparum populations for further signs of adaptation

The (co)benefits portal—an evidence-based and climate policy-relevant tool for decision-making

From improving health outcomes and health inequalities to ensuring energy and income security, the mitigation of and adaptation to climate change has extensive and diverse benefits. This paper describes a systematic evidence synthesis of climate action (co)benefits and trade-offs as well as the development of a decision-support tool that enables policy makers to explore that evidence-base. The term ‘(co)benefit’ is used deliberately to encompass both the direct benefits of averted impacts due to climate change as well as the indirect or ancillary benefits resulting from mitigation and adaptation interventions. We conducted a systematic search of the peer-reviewed literature in the IPCC 6th Assessment Report, Web of Science, and the Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change Reports. Our search strategy prioritised synthesised evidence (e.g. reviews, assessments) excluding primary studies and single case-studies. Data were extracted from 74 distinct records meeting our inclusion criteria and a total of 1785 rows of evidence were analysed. Scientific and technical teams then worked together to develop a tool interface that underwent iterative testing among a small group of potential users. The resulting (Co)Benefits Portal presents an assessment of the available scientific evidence of health, ecosystem, economic, energy, and socio-cultural (co)benefits and trade-offs associated with 40 different mitigation and adaptation actions for both global and regional scales. We then apply the (Co)Benefits Portal into a UK context, in combination with national policy documents and departmental guidance, to connect evidence about relevant climate interventions and reveal cross-sectoral policy implications that are essential for optimising opportunities and avoiding risks. We discuss how evidence-based tools can be developed to bridge critical climate adaptation and mitigation research, policy, and decision-making gaps

The Role of Pakistan in the Organization of Islamic Conference

The rise of Western naval power in the world was the consequence ofthe earlier Iberian discovery of peoples, societies and cultures beyond theseas known to the Europeans of the early fifteenth century. It was indeedthese forays and adventures that gradually led to the imposition ofWestern colonial and imperial rule over what were previouslyindependent societies and cultures in Asia and Africa. The Muslimsocieties, along with Buddhist, Hindu, Eastern Christian and traditionalAfrican peoples, were all brought under one European imperial roof,and their societies exposed to the transforming powers of Westernindustrial might.It was of course this rise of the West and the decline of the East that ledto the parcelling out of Muslim lands and to the alteration in the directionand flow of cultural and intellectual exchanges between the Muslims ofthe Indian subcontinent and their brethren elsewhere in Dam1 Islam.With such a division of the Muslim lands, each Muslim people livingunder a given colonial power tried to maintain its Islamic identityagainst whatever odds there were in that colonial system. Pakistaniswere part of this global phenomenon and the creation of their country in1947 dramatized the Muslim feeling of loss of unity and the urgent needto recover the universal feeling of Islamic solidarity which colonial ruleseemingly derailed from the tracks of human history.In this paper I intend to examine and analyze the role of Pakistan inthe Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC). Working on theunderstanding that Pakistan at the time of the formation of the OIC in1969, was the most populous Islamic state in the world and that its verycreation was occasioned by the Islamic sentiments of the Muslim ...</jats:p

Editoral

This issue of the American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences completesthe Symposium on Political Governance, begun by Muhammad Salahuddin’sijtihiid in the last issue. The lead article in this issue is a summary of Islamicpolitical principles by Hasan Turabi, long-time head of the MuslimBrotherhood in The Sudan.Following this is an article by Sister Mona Abul Fadl, a ResearchAssociate at the International Institute of Islamic Thought, taken from hernew book, Alternative Perspective: Introducing Islam From Within, to bepublished by the World Muslim League in Makkah. She explores the coreIslamic concepts of community, justice, and jihad, and concludes that theclimax of Islamization is Istish had or martyrdom in submission to Allah.In the third article of the symposium, Fadel Abdallah uses ‘ijtihad to explorethe textual and historical evidence showing both the absolute condemnationof slavery in Islam and Islam’s use of an indirect strategy to abolish itwithout unduly risking the destruction of the Muslim Ummah. This mayhighlight the symposium’s introductory suggestion by Muhammad Salahuddinthat, within limits, even in extreme cases, balance and patience can be virtues.The second section of this issue presents two papers comparing theIslamization of knowledge with the process of building a new paradigm ofthought and reality, which process many historians now believe is the precursorof all great advances in human knowledge and culture. The concept ofparadigms is simply explained in the second article by Hasan Langgulung asapplied to revolutionary change in the discipline of psychology. In the first article,Muhammad ‘Arif discusses the scholarly battle of the past two decadeson the nature of paradigms. He concludes that, whatever criteria one uses, theIslamization of Knowledge as proposed by Shaheed Isma’il Faruqi introducesa true paradigmatic revolution in human history, compamble to the revolutionthat destroyed the decadent world of 1400 years ago when the originalparadigm of Tawhid was revealed in Qur’an al karim.The Research Notes contain a scholarly piece by Professor Theodore P.Wright, Jr., identifying ten ways in which Jews as a group have influenced thedevelopment of thought and action in America and ten characteristics that explainwhy Jews have been able to exert this influence and Muslims have not.The concluding research note, The Shari‘ah and its Implications forIslamic Financial Analysis: An Opportunity to Study Interactions Among ...</jats:p

Book Review

Reviewed by: Sulayman S. Nyang, Ph.D.Associate Professor of Government and Public AdministrationHoward University, Washington, D.C. 20059David WESTERLUND, From Socialism to Islam? Notes on Islam as aPolitical Factor in Contemporary Africa .R esearch Report No. 61.(Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavia Institute of African Studies, 1982),62pp. Bibliography. No Price.This short study on Islam and Politics in Africa is one of a series ofstudies on Africa published by the well-known Swedish Institute ofAfrican Studies. The Center had previously published some excellentmonographs on a wide range of African issues, but this is the first one onan Islamic theme. Written from the perspective of a researcherinterested in knowing the future of the relationship between Islam andPolitics in Africa, David Westerlund divides his essay into three parts:(1) an introduction, (2) a section on the advance of Socialism in Muslimdominatedcountries and (3) a section on the move towards Islam.Westerlund begins his study with a definition of terms and aclarification of concepts. Two terms, Socialism and Islam, dominate hisdiscussion. He identifies socialism in North Africa and in Sub-SaharanAfrica as that brand which has not been based on, but rather opposed to,Marxism or Marxism-Leninism. Though he recognizes certaindifferences between “Arab Socialism” and “African Socialism”, in thecontext of his discussion he stresses the similarities between them.Among the common elements shared by these two variants of Socialismare (1) refutation of the Marxist idea of class struggle, (2) emphasis on aunited front of all classes in the interest of economic developrflent andnation-building, (3) a preference for a mixed economy as opposed to aMarxist economy, (4) partial nationalization, central planning and onepartyrule, and (5) tolerance of private property.After an examination of the differences between Arab/IslamicSocialism and African Socialism on the one hand, and Marxism on theother, Westerlund then discusses the term fundamentalism. Hecorrectly notes that orthodox, non-secularist Muslims who wish for the ...</jats:p