Λr -sets and separation axioms

Separation axioms are among the most common and important and interesting concepts in topology as well as in bitopologies. In this paper, we introduce Λr-sets and some weak separation axioms using Λr -open sets and Λr -closure operator

Developing textile entrepreneurial inclination model by integrating experts mining and ISM-MICMAC

The Indian textile industry is lacking in an entrepreneurial inclination of a skilled young generation; because of this, the industry is facing a challenge to achieve sustainable development and growth. To overcome this problem, the goal of this work is to build an entrepreneurial inclination model in the context of the textile industry. For achieving this goal, a combined approach of an extensive literature review and experts mining has been used to establish the entrepreneurial inclination factors in phased of the study. In the second phase, an Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) with Matrice d'Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliqués à un Classement (MICMAC) has been applied to build a structural model and to find the driving force factors and dependence power. The results show that effective entrepreneurship courses, institutional policy, training and internship, institutional corporation and the involvement of institutional heads play a very significant role in encouraging youth towards entrepreneurship. The outcomes of the study can help both the government and academic institutes to draw up effective policy and develop an entrepreneurial culture which can help to create more entrepreneurs in the textile field.N

Effect of Temperature and Residence Time on Torrefaction Characteristics of African Birch (Anogeissus leiocarpa)

In this study, the effect of temperature and residence time on African birch (Anogeissus leiocarpa) torrefaction characteristics was investigated. African birch trunk was procured from Aanu-Oluwapo Sawmill in Ogbomoso, SouthWestern Nigeria. The trunk was sawn into pieces. The pieces were machined into cylindrical samples of 40 mm diameter and 65 mm length using a wood lathe machine (Powermatic 3520B). Prepared samples were torrefied, one at a time, in an electrically heated fixed bed reactor at different torrefaction temperatures (200, 230, 260, and 290 oC) and residence times (10, 20, 30, and 40 min). The proximate analysis of both the raw sample and solid torrefaction products was done according to the ASTM D3174-76 standard. The mass and energy yields, Higher Heating Value (HHV), and water absorption characteristic of the solid torrefaction products were then determined. Findings revealed mass and energy yields of the torrefied solid products decreased with an increase in both temperature and residence time. HHV increased with temperature but did not show any consistent pattern with residence time. The water affinity of the torrefied biomass decreased with both temperature and residence time. Torrefaction inhibits biomass moisture uptake during storage while increasing its heating valu

gs Continuous Function in Topological Space

We introduce the different notions of a new class of continuous functions called generalized semi Lambda (gs) continuous function in topological spaces. Its properties and characterization are also discussed.</jats:p

Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Sample Shape on Biomass Pyrolysis Characteristics in a Fixed Bed Reactor

In this research work, the product yield distribution from four different sample shapes of a biomass feedstock (Gmelina arborea) was investigated. The biomass feedstock (Gmelina arborea) was procured from Pakiotan Sawmill in Ogbomoso, South-Western Nigeria. The biomass feedstock was machined into four different shapes (rectangular, cylindrical, disc and equant) of equal volume of 22.8 cm3 on the wood Lathe machine at the Engineering Workshop of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Experiments were carried out at four different temperatures (400, 500, 600 and 700 oC) at a residence time of fifteen minutes and at a constant vacuum pressure using a fixed-bed reactor. Results obtained showed that tar yield was 3.66% at 700 oC and 18.15% at 400 oC for cylindrical shape, and 7.5% at 700oC and 25.04% at 400 oC for disc shape. From the experimental data, it was also observed that the cylindrical shape has the highest gas yield of 80.11% at a temperature of 700 oC while the disc shape has the lowest gas yield of 49.74% at 400 oC. Result also showed that, the rectangular shape has the highest char yield of 27.25% at 400 oC while the cylindrical shape gave the lowest char yield of 16.23% at 700 oC. This study established that, pyrolysis of the same feedstock with different sample shapes under the same pyrolysis conditions produced different product yield distribution. Also, sample configuration affects various intra-particle physical phenomena involved during pyrolysis. Keywords: Biomass, Pyrolysis, Sample shapes, Gmelina arbore

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a rural population- a cross sectional study from Western Uttar Pradesh, India

Background: Prevalence of non-communicable diseases like hypertension, diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease is on the rise due to the change in lifestyle, unfavourable dietary habits and obesity. Metabolic syndrome is a simple tool by which we can predict the future risk of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Studies showed that prevalence of metabolic syndrome is rising in Indian population, but majority of them were done in urban population. This study was conducted to look into the current status of the metabolic syndrome in rural population.Methods: The study was conducted among a population of 2982. Each participant was subjected to clinical examination, anthropometric measurements and necessary laboratory investigations. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed based on modified NCEP: ATP III criteria.Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was found to be 11.7% and was higher among female population (13.8%) as compared to males (9.6%). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome increased with increasing age. 28.3% of the participants over the age of 50 years had metabolic syndrome whereas it was only 0.4% below the age of 20 years. Nearly half (47.1%) of the obese individuals were suffering from metabolic syndrome implicating obesity as one of the most important risk factors in the etiopathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. The prevalence was only 1.1% among the underweight group.Conclusions: Present study has shown moderate prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the rural population of Western Uttar Pradesh, India with a more female predisposition

Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in rural population of India- a study from Western Uttar Pradesh

Background: Diabetes is a major challenge for a resource-limited country like India. Majority of the patients are diagnosed late in the course of illness with presence of complications. There is limited data on diabetes from rural India. Present study is an attempt to provide data on diabetes in rural India. The overall objective of present study was to estimate the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus in rural population above 25 years age in district Etawah and neighbouring areas of Uttar Pradesh, India.Methods: The study was planned to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in rural community by health camp and door to door approach. Fasting capillary blood glucose was first determined using a glucose meter (SD check code free, SD biosensor Inc. Korea). All the adults were given 75gm of glucose dissolved in 200ml water which was drunk over a period of up to 5 minutes and the 2-hour post load capillary blood glucose was estimated. Diabetic status was confirmed by taking blood samples for fasting and postprandial blood sugar levels in a fluoride vacutainer. Fasting plasma glucose ≥126mg/dl and or 2-hour postprandial glucose ≥200mg/dl were taken as the diagnostic criteria for diagnosis.Results: Prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the rural population was found to be 8.03%. Prevalence was higher in female population (9.91%) as compared to males (6.79%). 19.74 % of participants over 70 yrs of age were diabetics while diabetes was present only in 2.95% of participants in the age group of 25-39 year. The maximum number of diabetes were in the age group of 50-59 years. 10.04 % of participants were diagnosed to be Prediabetics. 35.77% of the diabetics were newly diagnosed.Conclusions:Present study shows there is high prevalence of type 2 diabetes in rural area of western Uttar Pradesh, India.

Prevalence of hypertension in rural population of Central India

Background: Hypertension is an important public health problem in both rural and urban areas of economically developed as well as developing nations. It is a chronic medical condition and is one of the most common life threatening non-communicable disease. It is an asymptomatic condition, symptoms do not arise unless the complications develop which result in delayed diagnosis and treatment especially among the uneducated and unexplained social groups such as rural population. Present study was an attempt to provide data on hypertension in rural area of central India. The objective of present study was to estimate the prevalence of hypertension in rural population above 18 years of age in Etawah and neighbouring districts of Uttar Pradesh, India.Methods: The study was planned to determine the prevalence of hypertension in rural community by health camp and door to door approach. BP measurements were made after the subject had rested for at least 5 minutes in a seated position using mercury sphygmomanometer. The first blood pressure measurement was taken after obtaining socio-demographic information from the study subject, while the second was recorded after 5 minutes.Results: The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 17%, which was observed to be higher among female i.e. 170 (18.3%) individuals than males 153 (15.8%) individuals. The prevalence of hypertension was observed to be higher among the older individuals. It was found to be 5.26 times higher in older (>50 years) than the younger (<30 years) age group. We found prehypertension in 65.74%, Stage I hypertension in 11.33% and stage II hypertension in 5.69% individuals.Conclusions: Present study showed that high prevalence of hypertension in rural area of Western Uttar Pradesh, Central India

Safety and efficacy of preoperative embolization in the treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations with perinidal aneurysms and single draining vein: a multicenter study with propensity score-weighting

Background and objectives: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) with perinidal aneurysms and single draining vein are associated with an elevated risk of rupture and increased procedural complexity. The role of preoperative embolization in this high-risk anatomical subset remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of microsurgery with preoperative embolization, compared with microsurgery alone in patients with such AVMs. Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective analysis of an AVM registry from the MISTA (Multicenter International Study for Treatment of Brain AVMs) consortium and included AVMs with perinidal aneurysms and a single draining vein. Baseline characteristics, angiographic outcomes, functional outcomes, and complication rates were compared. Propensity score weighting (PSW) using the covariate balancing method was applied to adjust for baseline differences. Results: Out of a total of 1919 patients, 65 met the inclusion criteria; 45 patients underwent preoperative embolization followed by microsurgery, and 20 underwent microsurgery alone. After adjustment, complete obliteration rates were similar between groups (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.04 to 16.33, P=0.92), as were rates of functional independence at discharge and follow-up. Overall complication, symptomatic complication, and mortality rates did not differ significantly between groups. However, permanent complications were significantly lower in patients with preoperative embolization (OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.004 to 0.84, P=0.03). Discussion: In patients with AVMs featuring perinidal aneurysms and single draining vein, preoperative embolization followed by microsurgery was associated with fewer permanent complications and no increase in adverse outcomes compared with microsurgery alone. However, given the small number of events, this finding should be interpreted cautiously