Trajectory of Aquaculture Growth and Agriculture Risk with Predicted Scenario in the Western Bank of Hooghly Estuary using Remote Sensing and GIS – A Review

Aquaculture farming is at its boom in the last two decades. Most of the rivers and canals are banked with aquafarmsglobally with India as no exception. India ranks third in the world in aquaculture production. East coast indicates significantgrowth of aquaculture farms in the past few decades. The western bank of Hooghly estuary is one of the noted zones foraquaculture farming. This paper detailed the growth of aquafarms in the above mentioned coastal zone in the last few decadesalong with predicted scenarios in the next two decades. The impacts of increasing aquafarms in the inland, river banks and alongthe coast were also discussed in the paper. Temporal analysis and predictions were done using Remote sensing and GIStechniques along with CA-MARKOV land use/land cover prediction model

Detecting Emerging Areas in Social Streams

Detecting the emerging areas becomes interest by the fast development of social networks. As the information exchanged in social networks post include not only the text but also images, URLs and video therefore conventional-term-frequency-based approaches may not be appropriate in this context. Emergence of areas is focused by social aspects of these networks. To detect the emergence of new areas from the hundreds of users based on the responds in social network posts. A probability model is proposed for mentioning behavior of social networks by the number of mentions per post and the occurrence of users taking place in the mentions. The basic assumption is that a new emerging topic is something people feel like discussing, stating or forwarding the data further to their friends. In the proposed system the link anomaly model is combined with word based and text based approach. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15039

Compare the Diagnostic Accuracy of Sonourethrogram and Retrograde Urethrogram

INTRODUCTION: Stricture urethra is a very common urological disease. We perform on an average 12 Visual Internal Urethrotomies and one urethroplasty per month. Common Etiology being inflammatory anterior urethral strictures and post traumatic bulbomembranous strictures. The standard diagnostic modality we use is Retrograde urethrogram and Combined Cysto Urethrogram. Since sonography has become the urologist's stethoscope, we evaluated stricture urethra with sonourethrogram and compared sonourethogram to RGU, weighing the pros and cons of each. AIM: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of sonourethrogram and Retrograde Urethrogram. To find out the degree of spongiofibrosis by sonourethrogram. Application of doppler USG to locate the bulbourethral arteries in men with normal urethra and to study anatomical alterations in men with urethral stricture. Parameters that have a major influence on the selection of therapy in urethral stricture disease being exact length of stricture, its location, density and percentage narrowing of urethral lumen. Identifying the exact location of bulbourethral arteries could help avoid injury to the vessels during VIU. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrograde Urethrogram - 60% meglumine diatrizoate 10ml + 10 ml of normal saline was loaded in a 20cc syringe with a small cannula fixed to the nozzle, the tip of which was placed in the meatus contrast injected and overhead film exposure made with the patient in 45 degree oblique position, lying on either side and the dependent thigh acutely flexed. Sonourethrogram - High frequency linear array transducers 5 MHz and 7 MHz were used to evaluate the urethra. Images obtained in longitudinal and transverse planes by placing the probe on the ventral aspect of penis and perineum. The anterior urethra which passes through the length of penis is not visualized when collapsed, but it imaged when distended by retrograde injection of saline loaded in 20 cc syringe, the nozzle of which is placed in the meatus. With the tip of penis pinched manually. The flow of saline through the urethra was also observed during real time imaging. RESULTS: No.of cases studied - 50 cases. The parameters studied being length of stricture, degree of spongiofibrosis, percentage narrowing of urethral lumen. The results were correlated to urethroscopy - SPC scopy, VIU and urethroplasty findings of the same. Doppler USG localisation of bulbourethral arteries was done in 15 normal men and 15 men with urethral stricture. Out of 50 cases studied, Short bulbar strictures - 22 cases, Stricture of pendular and bulbar urethra - 15 case, Bulbomembranous stricture - 8 cases, Penile urethral stricture - 5 cases. Common etiologies are BXO, post bacterial urethritis sequalae, traumatic catheterisation or long-term indwelling catheters, perineal trauma, post TURP, unknown etiology. One case was associated with extensive GUTB. CONCLUSION: We believe that sonourethrogram is a very useful modality in the evaluation of anterior urethral strictures. It is superior to retrograde urethrogram in stricture length and spongiofibrosis assessment, which aid in choosing the ideal therapeutic approach. By preoperatively identifying bulbar strictures too long for resection and end-end anastamosis, we may plan for flap or graft procedure. Excision and end-end anastamosis may be planned for strictures appearing sonographically 25mm or less and substitution urethroplasty for longer strictures. Dense strictures as evidence by higher grade of spongiofibrosis and more than 75% luminal narrowing predict poor VIU outcome and in such stricture the bulbourethral arteries lie very close to the lumen and be a source of torrential bleed during VIU. Sonourethrogram is good for the patient for a number of reasons. Multiple examinations are often required in stricture cases and hence reduces exposure to radiation. The 3 dimensional nature of urethra can be appreciated on sonourethrogram which is a simple, convenient and rapid investigatory modality. Both cross sectional and longitudinal images can be easily obtained. The procedure is well tolerated by patients, who are protected from the allergic and anaphylactic reactions induced by iodinated contrast extravasation during RGU. Intraluminal filling defects including stones and growth FB, can be visualised by sonourethrogram . Subtle changes associated with urethritis are identifiable. Antegrade sonourethrogram may come to play a major role in post hypospadias repair cases, where placement of injection port in the neo-meatus may be difficult and descending SU may be more physiological. TRUS or trans vaginal sonar visualisation of urethra and bladder may play a major role in future in the evaluation of voiding dysfunction

Giant-cell tumors of bone in South India

Giant-cell tumors of bone are rare or uncommon. Dodge reported that giant-cell tumor is rare in Ugandan Africans, but Hadley and associates and Rockwell and Small noted that giant-cell tumor of bone is comparatively common in South India. In this paper we give an account of the general prevalence of giant-cell tumors of bone in our part of South India

Constraint-Aware Approach to Web Service Composition

To improve the quality and composite the services with specific constraints using web services, Constraint aware approach based web service composition machines can automatically select, integrate and invoke different web services in-order to achieve the user specified task according to the user constraints. To implement this, first user has to register and get a unique username and password. Before that we have to compose all different web services together into one using web service composition method. The composition system has two kinds of participants, service provider and service requestor. The service providers propose web services for use. The service requestors consume information or services offered by service providers. If the service requestor requests for a service, then the provider search for a service that composes the available services in the service repository. Requestor can get the correct result as output if the input satisfies the constraints of the service. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.16040

Critically Vulnerable Coastal Areas - A Framework for Community Based Resource Management: Vembanad, Kerala 2016

The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14 emphasizes Conservation and Sustainable use of the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. Further, India's National Conservation Strategy and Policy Statement on Environmental and Development, 1992 and the National Environmental Policy, 2006 recognize the importance of multi stakeholder partnership in implementation of conservation plans for sustainable development of natural resources

Characterization Studies of Medicinal Plants & I’ts Biological Evaluation Towards Anti-Bacterial Study

The traditional system of medicine proves to be one of the best sources for treating illness and infections. Murraya koenigii (curry leaves) and Asparagus racemosus (shatavari) are the two medicinal plant species that have numerous medicinal properties like antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, etc. In this study, the Ultrasound extraction and the Soxhlet mode of extraction were carried out using two different solvents such as Hexane and Ethyl acetate. Analysis and Retention factor were was carried out thin layer chromatography. The purification was performed using column chromatographic method and the various phytoconstituents such as tannins, terpenoids, carbohydrates, proteins, steroids, flavonoids, phlobatannins were analysed for the extracted samples. Retention factors have been calculated for both the extracted samples and the samples were further processed for sterility test in order to check for any contamination. The extracted samples were characterized using GC-MS analysis. The anti-bacterial evaluation was performed. The highest zone of inhibition found in 1000µg/ml concentration for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 500µg/ml concentration for Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration for Pseudomonas aeruginosa is predicted as 250µg/ml concentration and for Staphylococcus aureus as 500µg/ml concentration. The rate of kill was higher in 500µg/ml concentration for both bacterial samples. The crystal violet assay was performed and observed the cell viability. Further the In-silico analysis was performed towards the GC analysis compounds and their structure activity relationship were studied towards the protein

A Comparative Study on the Eye Colour Variations in Racing Pigeons (Columba livia domestica)

In the animal kingdom, there is an extensive variation in colouration and pigmentation of iris of the eyes across the species. Racing pigeons (Columba livia domestica) have three common iris colours. They are yellow - orange, pearl (white), and bull (dark brown), segregating in a single species, thereby providing a unique opportunity to identify the genetic basis of the iris coloration. A total of sixty pigeons were collected from three different locations for the study. Pigeons with a yelloworange eye colour are the most numerous among a total of 60 racing pigeons. The total number of pigeons was divided into different eye colours based on pigmentation and structural colouration

A Survey on Security Challenges in Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing is an innovative paradigm that offers computing resources such as network, storage, servers, applications and services when there is a demand, based on pay-as-you go principle. In Cloud computing, the resources are shared by Cloud consumers. Cloud provides computing infrastructure with a development platform on which users can develop their own applications. It diminishes the capital expenditures to be spent on applications development. The cloud consumers can avail the resources from anywhere at any time with an internet service. Though Cloud has several advantages, it has certain security challenges to be resolved. In this paper, the Security Challenges of Cloud Computing in various aspects are discussed

Hyaluronic Acid Nanomaterials in Targeted Drug Delivery for Cancer Therapy

Hyaluronic acid and the CD44 receptor have been the subject of 3D interaction and molecular analysis that has revealed crucial residues, binding specificity, stabilizing relationships, and structural insights within the complex. The analysis has focused on amino acid interactions. It is a crucial field of study with both fundamental and applied consequences because this understanding not only illuminates the molecular mechanisms directing their interaction but also shows promise for future therapeutic approaches. The new methods cover a variety of strategies, such as creating highly focused treatments, combining treatments with other well-known techniques like immunotherapy and chemotherapy, and moving toward customized medicine. Combining state-of-the-art nanotechnology with hyaluronan-based pharmaceuticals could improve lung cancer therapy's precision, bioavailability, and drug delivery. Clinical trials will be essential in proving these medicines' safety and effectiveness so that they may be incorporated into standard cancer treatment. Moreover, investigating immune regulation via hyaluronan may open up new avenues for bolstering the body's defenses against  cancer. With a calculated binding energy score of -6.70, the interaction between hyaluronan and the CD44 protein receptor was observed to be remarkably strong and favorable, suggesting a robust connection. This highlights the potential for utilizing hyaluronic nanomaterials to facilitate the targeted delivery of commercially available cancer drugs to specific cancer sites