One Loop Integrals at Finite Temperature and Density

The technique of decomposing Feynman diagrams at the one loop level into elementary integrals is generalized to the imaginary time Matsubara formalism. The three lowest integrals, containing one, two and three fermion lines, are provided in a form that separates out the real and imaginary parts of these complex functions, according to the input arguments, in a fashion that is suitable for numerical evaluation. The forms given can be evaluated for arbitrary values of temperature, particle mass, particle momenta and chemical potential.Comment: 32 Pages REVTeX, 9 Figures available as separate fil

The evidence of quasi-free positronium state in GiPS-AMOC spectra of glycerol

We present the results of processing of Age-Momentum Correlation (AMOC) spectra that were measured for glycerol by the Gamma-induced positron spectroscopy (GiPS) facility. Our research has shown that the shape of experimental s(t) curve cannot be explained without introduction of the intermediate state of positronium (Ps), called quasi-free Ps. This state yields the wide Doppler line near zero lifetimes. We discuss the possible properties of this intermediate Ps state from the viewpoint of developed model. The amount of annihilation events produced by quasi-free Ps is estimated to be less than 5% of total annihilations. In the proposed model, quasi-free Ps serves as a precursor for trapped Ps of para- and ortho-states

Hadronization in the SU(3) Nambu - Jona-Lasinio model

The hadronization process for quarks combining into two mesons, q\bar q\to MM' at temperature T is described within the SU(3) Nambu- Jona-Lasinio model with finite current quark masses. Invariant matrix elements, cross-sections and transition rates are calculated to leading order in a 1/N_c expansion. Four independent classes, u\bar d, u\bar s, u\bar u and s\bar s\to hadrons are analysed, and the yield is found to be dominated by pion production. Threshold behaviour is determined by the exothermic or endothermic nature of the processes constituting the hadronization class. A strong suppression of transition rates is found at the pionic Mott temperature T_{M\pi}=212 MeV, at which the pion becomes a resonant state. The mean time for hadronization is calculated to be 2-4 fm/c near the Mott temperature. The calculation of strangeness changing processes indicates that hadronization accounts for a 1% increase in the absolute value of the kaon to pion ratio at T=150 MeV

Probing the effect of point defects on the leakage blocking capability of Al0.1Ga0.9N/Si structures using a monoenergetic positron beam

Vacancy-type defects in Al0.1Ga0.9N were probed using a monoenergetic positron beam. Al0.1Ga0.9N layers with different carbon doping concentrations ([C] = 5 x 10(17) -8 x 10(19) cm(-3)) were grown on Si substrates by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. The major defect species in Al0.1Ga0.9N was determined to be a cation vacancy (or cation vacancies) coupled with nitrogen vacancies and/or with carbon atoms at nitrogen sites (C(N)s). The charge state of the vacancies was positive because of the electron transfer from the defects to C-N-related acceptors. The defect charge state was changed from positive to neutral when the sample was illuminated with photon energy above 1.8 eV, and this energy range agreed with the yellow and blue luminescence. For the sample with high [C], the charge transition of the vacancies under illumination was found to be suppressed, which was attributed to the trapping of emitted electrons by C-N-related acceptors. With increasing [C], the breakdown voltage under the reverse bias condition increased. This was explained by the trapping of the injected electrons by the positively charged vacancies and C-N-related acceptors

Direct observation of twist mode in electroconvection in I52

I report on the direct observation of a uniform twist mode of the director field in electroconvection in I52. Recent theoretical work suggests that such a uniform twist mode of the director field is responsible for a number of secondary bifurcations in both electroconvection and thermal convection in nematics. I show here evidence that the proposed mechanisms are consistent with being the source of the previously reported SO2 state of electroconvection in I52. The same mechanisms also contribute to a tertiary Hopf bifurcation that I observe in electroconvection in I52. There are quantitative differences between the experiment and calculations that only include the twist mode. These differences suggest that a complete description must include effects described by the weak-electrolyte model of electroconvection

Dislocation Dynamics in an Anisotropic Stripe Pattern

The dynamics of dislocations confined to grain boundaries in a striped system are studied using electroconvection in the nematic liquid crystal N4. In electroconvection, a striped pattern of convection rolls forms for sufficiently high driving voltages. We consider the case of a rapid change in the voltage that takes the system from a uniform state to a state consisting of striped domains with two different wavevectors. The domains are separated by domain walls along one axis and a grain boundary of dislocations in the perpendicular direction. The pattern evolves through dislocation motion parallel to the domain walls. We report on features of the dislocation dynamics. The kinetics of the domain motion are quantified using three measures: dislocation density, average domain wall length, and the total domain wall length per area. All three quantities exhibit behavior consistent with power law evolution in time, with the defect density decaying as $t^{-1/3}$, the average domain wall length growing as $t^{1/3}$, and the total domain wall length decaying as $t^{-1/5}$. The two different exponents are indicative of the anisotropic growth of domains in the system.Comment: 8 figures: 7 jpeg and 1 pd

Temporal Modulation of the Control Parameter in Electroconvection in the Nematic Liquid Crystal I52

I report on the effects of a periodic modulation of the control parameter on electroconvection in the nematic liquid crystal I52. Without modulation, the primary bifurcation from the uniform state is a direct transition to a state of spatiotemporal chaos. This state is the result of the interaction of four, degenerate traveling modes: right and left zig and zag rolls. Periodic modulations of the driving voltage at approximately twice the traveling frequency are used. For a large enough modulation amplitude, standing waves that consist of only zig or zag rolls are stabilized. The standing waves exhibit regular behavior in space and time. Therefore, modulation of the control parameter represents a method of eliminating spatiotemporal chaos. As the modulation frequency is varied away from twice the traveling frequency, standing waves that are a superposition of zig and zag rolls, i.e. standing rectangles, are observed. These results are compared with existing predictions based on coupled complex Ginzburg-Landau equations

Modeling the momentum distributions of annihilating electron-positron pairs in solids

Measuring the Doppler broadening of the positron annihilation radiation or the angular correlation between the two annihilation gamma quanta reflects the momentum distribution of electrons seen by positrons in the material.Vacancy-type defects in solids localize positrons and the measured spectra are sensitive to the detailed chemical and geometric environments of the defects. However, the measured information is indirect and when using it in defect identification comparisons with theoretically predicted spectra is indispensable. In this article we present a computational scheme for calculating momentum distributions of electron-positron pairs annihilating in solids. Valence electron states and their interaction with ion cores are described using the all-electron projector augmented-wave method, and atomic orbitals are used to describe the core states. We apply our numerical scheme to selected systems and compare three different enhancement (electron-positron correlation) schemes previously used in the calculation of momentum distributions of annihilating electron-positron pairs within the density-functional theory. We show that the use of a state-dependent enhancement scheme leads to better results than a position-dependent enhancement factor in the case of ratios of Doppler spectra between different systems. Further, we demonstrate the applicability of our scheme for studying vacancy-type defects in metals and semiconductors. Especially we study the effect of forces due to a positron localized at a vacancy-type defect on the ionic relaxations.Comment: Submitted to Physical Review B on September 1 2005. Revised manuscript submitted on November 14 200