Non-integrability of the mixmaster universe

We comment on an analysis by Contopoulos et al. which demonstrates that the governing six-dimensional Einstein equations for the mixmaster space-time metric pass the ARS or reduced Painlev\'{e} test. We note that this is the case irrespective of the value, $I$, of the generating Hamiltonian which is a constant of motion. For $I < 0$ we find numerous closed orbits with two unstable eigenvalues strongly indicating that there cannot exist two additional first integrals apart from the Hamiltonian and thus that the system, at least for this case, is very likely not integrable. In addition, we present numerical evidence that the average Lyapunov exponent nevertheless vanishes. The model is thus a very interesting example of a Hamiltonian dynamical system, which is likely non-integrable yet passes the reduced Painlev\'{e} test.Comment: 11 pages LaTeX in J.Phys.A style (ioplppt.sty) + 6 PostScript figures compressed and uuencoded with uufiles. Revised version to appear in J Phys.

Efficient estimation of energy transfer efficiency in light-harvesting complexes

The fundamental physical mechanisms of energy transfer in photosynthetic complexes is not yet fully understood. In particular, the degree of efficiency or sensitivity of these systems for energy transfer is not known given their non-perturbative and non-Markovian interactions with proteins backbone and surrounding photonic and phononic environments. One major problem in studying light-harvesting complexes has been the lack of an efficient method for simulation of their dynamics in biological environments. To this end, here we revisit the second-order time-convolution (TC2) master equation and examine its reliability beyond extreme Markovian and perturbative limits. In particular, we present a derivation of TC2 without making the usual weak system-bath coupling assumption. Using this equation, we explore the long time behaviour of exciton dynamics of Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) protein complex. Moreover, we introduce a constructive error analysis to estimate the accuracy of TC2 equation in calculating energy transfer efficiency, exhibiting reliable performance for environments with weak and intermediate memory and strength. Furthermore, we numerically show that energy transfer efficiency is optimal and robust for the FMO protein complex of green sulphur bacteria with respect to variations in reorganization energy and bath correlation time-scales.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures, modified version, updated appendices and reference lis

The resonance spectrum of the cusp map in the space of analytic functions

We prove that the Frobenius--Perron operator $U$ of the cusp map $F:[-1,1]\to[-1,1]$, $F(x)=1-2\sqrt{|x|}$ (which is an approximation of the Poincar\'e section of the Lorenz attractor) has no analytic eigenfunctions corresponding to eigenvalues different from 0 and 1. We also prove that for any $q\in(0,1)$ the spectrum of $U$ in the Hardy space in the disk \{z\in\C:|z-q|<1+q\} is the union of the segment $[0,1]$ and some finite or countably infinite set of isolated eigenvalues of finite multiplicity.Comment: Submitted to JMP; The description of the spectrum in some Hardy spaces is adde

Fractal Scales in a Schwarzschild Atmosphere

Recently, Glass and Krisch have extended the Vaidya radiating metric to include both a radiation fluid and a string fluid [1999 Class. Quantum Grav. vol 16, 1175]. Mass diffusion in the extended Schwarzschild atmosphere was studied. The continuous solutions of classical diffusive transport are believed to describe the envelope of underlying fractal behavior. In this work we examine the classical picture at scales on which fractal behavior might be evident.Comment: to appear in Class. Quantum Gra

The tale of two centres

We study motion in the field of two fixed centres described by a family of Einstein-dilaton-Maxwell theories. Transitions between regular and chaotic motion are observed as the dilaton coupling is varied.Comment: 20 pages, RevTeX, 7 figures included, TeX format change

Matrix exponential-based closures for the turbulent subgrid-scale stress tensor

Two approaches for closing the turbulence subgrid-scale stress tensor in terms of matrix exponentials are introduced and compared. The first approach is based on a formal solution of the stress transport equation in which the production terms can be integrated exactly in terms of matrix exponentials. This formal solution of the subgrid-scale stress transport equation is shown to be useful to explore special cases, such as the response to constant velocity gradient, but neglecting pressure-strain correlations and diffusion effects. The second approach is based on an Eulerian-Lagrangian change of variables, combined with the assumption of isotropy for the conditionally averaged Lagrangian velocity gradient tensor and with the recent fluid deformation approximation. It is shown that both approaches lead to the same basic closure in which the stress tensor is expressed as the matrix exponential of the resolved velocity gradient tensor multiplied by its transpose. Short-time expansions of the matrix exponentials are shown to provide an eddy-viscosity term and particular quadratic terms, and thus allow a reinterpretation of traditional eddy-viscosity and nonlinear stress closures. The basic feasibility of the matrix-exponential closure is illustrated by implementing it successfully in large eddy simulation of forced isotropic turbulence. The matrix-exponential closure employs the drastic approximation of entirely omitting the pressure-strain correlation and other nonlinear scrambling terms. But unlike eddy-viscosity closures, the matrix exponential approach provides a simple and local closure that can be derived directly from the stress transport equation with the production term, and using physically motivated assumptions about Lagrangian decorrelation and upstream isotropy

Accelerating cycle expansions by dynamical conjugacy

Periodic orbit theory provides two important functions---the dynamical zeta function and the spectral determinant for the calculation of dynamical averages in a nonlinear system. Their cycle expansions converge rapidly when the system is uniformly hyperbolic but greatly slowed down in the presence of non-hyperbolicity. We find that the slow convergence can be associated with singularities in the natural measure. A properly designed coordinate transformation may remove these singularities and results in a dynamically conjugate system where fast convergence is restored. The technique is successfully demonstrated on several examples of one-dimensional maps and some remaining challenges are discussed

Trace formulas for stochastic evolution operators: Smooth conjugation method

The trace formula for the evolution operator associated with nonlinear stochastic flows with weak additive noise is cast in the path integral formalism. We integrate over the neighborhood of a given saddlepoint exactly by means of a smooth conjugacy, a locally analytic nonlinear change of field variables. The perturbative corrections are transfered to the corresponding Jacobian, which we expand in terms of the conjugating function, rather than the action used in defining the path integral. The new perturbative expansion which follows by a recursive evaluation of derivatives appears more compact than the standard Feynman diagram perturbation theory. The result is a stochastic analog of the Gutzwiller trace formula with the ``hbar'' corrections computed an order higher than what has so far been attainable in stochastic and quantum-mechanical applications.Comment: 16 pages, 1 figure, New techniques and results for a problem we considered in chao-dyn/980703

Nodal dynamics, not degree distributions, determine the structural controllability of complex networks

Structural controllability has been proposed as an analytical framework for making predictions regarding the control of complex networks across myriad disciplines in the physical and life sciences (Liu et al., Nature:473(7346):167-173, 2011). Although the integration of control theory and network analysis is important, we argue that the application of the structural controllability framework to most if not all real-world networks leads to the conclusion that a single control input, applied to the power dominating set (PDS), is all that is needed for structural controllability. This result is consistent with the well-known fact that controllability and its dual observability are generic properties of systems. We argue that more important than issues of structural controllability are the questions of whether a system is almost uncontrollable, whether it is almost unobservable, and whether it possesses almost pole-zero cancellations.Comment: 1 Figures, 6 page

Microcanonical temperature for a classical field: application to Bose-Einstein condensation

We show that the projected Gross-Pitaevskii equation (PGPE) can be mapped exactly onto Hamilton's equations of motion for classical position and momentum variables. Making use of this mapping, we adapt techniques developed in statistical mechanics to calculate the temperature and chemical potential of a classical Bose field in the microcanonical ensemble. We apply the method to simulations of the PGPE, which can be used to represent the highly occupied modes of Bose condensed gases at finite temperature. The method is rigorous, valid beyond the realms of perturbation theory, and agrees with an earlier method of temperature measurement for the same system. Using this method we show that the critical temperature for condensation in a homogeneous Bose gas on a lattice with a UV cutoff increases with the interaction strength. We discuss how to determine the temperature shift for the Bose gas in the continuum limit using this type of calculation, and obtain a result in agreement with more sophisticated Monte Carlo simulations. We also consider the behaviour of the specific heat.Comment: v1: 9 pages, 5 figures, revtex 4. v2: additional text in response to referee's comments, now 11 pages, to appear in Phys. Rev.