22 research outputs found

    Multidisciplinary Service Utilization Pattern by Advanced Head and Neck Cancer Patients: A Single Institution Study

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    Purpose. To analyze the patterns and associations of adjunctive service visits by head and neck cancer patients receiving primary, concurrent chemoradiation therapy. Methods. Retrospective chart review of patients receiving adjunctive support during a uniform chemoradiation regimen for stages III-IV head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Univariate and multivariate models for each outcome were obtained from simple and multivariate linear regression analyses. Results. Fifty-two consecutive patients were assessed. Female gender, single marital status, and nonprivate insurance were factors associated with an increased number of social work visits. In a multivariate analysis, female gender and marital status were related to increased social work services. Female gender and stage IV disease were significant for increased nursing visits. In a multivariate analysis for nursing visits, living greater than 20 miles between home and hospital was a negative predictive factor. Conclusion. Treatment of advanced stage head and neck cancer with concurrent chemoradiation warrants a multidisciplinary approach. Female gender, single marital status, and stage IV disease were correlated with increased utilization of social work and nursing services. Distance over 20 miles from the center was a negative factor. This information may help guide the treatment team to allocate resources for the comprehensive care of patients

    SUBSTYTUCJA EGZOGENNYCH CHOLINESTERAZ W LECZENIU CIĘŻKICH ZATRUĆ ZWIĄZKAMI FOSFOROORGANICZNYMI

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    Zatrucia związkami fosforoorganicznymi na terenie Europy i Ameryki północnej nie zdarzają się często. Znacznie większa ich częstotliwość obserwowana jest w Azji i Afryce wschodniej zarówno w związku z używaniem tych środków chemicznych w rolnictwie (pestycydy) jak również będąc przyczyną zatruć w około 30% przypadków samobójczych. Związki fosforoorganiczne stosowanie mogą być też jako bojowe środki chemiczne z grupy środków paralityczno-drgawkowych (Sarin. Soman, Tabun, V-gaz, Nowiczok), pomimo zakazu ich użycia na mocy ustaleń konwencji Genewskiej. Najbardziej znanymi przypadkami użycia tych środków jest Halabja w Iraku, gdzie w wyniku ataku lotniczego armii irackiej zginęło około 5 000 osób a 10 000 zostało ciężko poszkodowanych. Znany jest też atak terrorystyczny na stacji metra w Tokyo (Sarin) jak też użycie środka Nowiczok na terenie Wielkiej Brytanii wobec Sergieja Skripala i później Aleksandra Nawalnego. Zatrucia związkami fosforoorganicznymi, pomimo możliwości leczenia, obarczone są wysoką śmiertelnością. W pracy tej opisujemy zakończoną sukcesem próbę kombinacji standardowego leczenia przy użyciu atropiny/toksogoniny z egzogennymi cholinesterazami podawanymi poprzez przetoczenie krwi. Pozytywny efekt tego leczenia obserwowany był u pacjentów narażonych na działanie związków fosforoorganicznych, u których aktywność endogennych cholinesteraz obniżyła się do 20%. Opisana terapia może pozwolić na uniknięcie konieczności wdrożenia wentylacji zastępczej płuc, jak też dalszym śmiertelnym powikłaniom ciężkiego zatrucia środkami fosforoorganicznymi

    Platelet dysfunction in a large-animal model of endotoxic shock; effects of inhaled nitric oxide and low-dose steroid

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    OBJECTIVE: The role of inhaled nitric oxide in the treatment of shock remains controversial and further translational research is needed. Long-term observation studies using a model of endotoxin-induced shock to assess the effect of inhaled nitric oxide on platelet aggregation have not yet been reported. APPROACH AND RESULTS: The tests were carried out in an animal model of shock in two 10-h periods. During the first 10 h, endotoxin was infused and the inhibition of platelet aggregation was evaluated; following the termination of endotoxin infusion, the restoration of platelet aggregation was assessed for 10 h. A total of 30 pigs were used (NO group, N = 14; control, N = 16). In the NO group, nitric oxide inhalation (30 ppm) was started 3 h after endotoxin infusion and continued until the end of the study. Treatment with NO selectively decreased pulmonary artery pressure at 4 (p = 0.002) and 8 h (p = 0.05) of the experiment as compared to the control. Endotoxin significantly reduced platelet aggregation, as indicated by the decreased activity of platelet receptors: ASPI, ADP, collagen, and TRAP during the experiment (p < 0.001). Endotoxin had no significant effect on changes in the response of the receptor after ristocetin stimulation. After stopping endotoxin infusion, a significant restoration of receptor activity was observed for collagen and TRAP, while ASPI and ADP remained partially depressed. Inhaled nitric oxide did not cause additional inhibition of platelet aggregation, either during or after endotoxin challenge. CONCLUSIONS: A profound reduction in platelet aggregation was observed during endotoxic shock. After stopping endotoxin infusion a restoration of platelet receptor activity was seen. The inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by endotoxin infusion was not intensified by nitric oxide, indicating there was no harmful effect of inhaled nitric oxide on platelet aggregation
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