Optimalisasi Pajak Daerah dan Retribusi Daerah dalam Rangka Meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kabupaten Enrekang Sulawesi Selatan

Studi ini ini membahas tentang tentang Optimalisasi Pengelolaan Pajak Daerahdan Retribusi Daerah Dalam Rangka Peningkatan Pendapatan Asli Daerah KabupatenEnrekang Sulawesi Selatan. Tujuan studi ini adalah: (1) Untuk menganalisis besarnyapotensi PAD yang bersumber dari Pajak Daerah dan Retribusi Daerah di KabupatenEnrekang; (2) Untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab yang menjadi kendala sehinggaPengelolaan Pajak Daerah dan Retribusi Daerah belum optimal dalam meningkatkanPendapatan Asli Daerah di Kabupaten Enrekang; dan (3) Untuk menyusun strategi yangdapat dilakukan untuk mengoptimalkan pengelolaan Pajak Daerah dan Retribusi Daerahguna dapat meningkatkan penerimaan PAD di Kabupaten Enrekang.Hasil Studi menujukkan bahwa pengelolaan pajak daerah dan retribusi daerah diKabupaten Enrekang belum optimal. Upaya yang perlu dilakukan oleh pemerintahdaerah Kabupaten Enrekang dalam rangka meningkatkan pendapatan asli daerahsebagai berikut: memperluas basis penerimaan pajak dan retribusi daerah,peningkatan kapasitas pengelola pajak daerah dan retribusi daerah dan meningkatkanpengawasan pajak dan retribusi daerah

Karakteristik Penderita Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) di Rumah Sakit Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar Periode Januari – Desember 2010

Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) atau Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) merupakan penyakit akibat infeksi virus Dengue yang masih menjadi problem kesehatan Masyarakat. Penyakit ini ditemukan nyaris diseluruh belahan dunia terutama di negara-negara tropik dan subtropik baik sebagai penyakit endemik maupun epidemik. Hasil studi epidemiologik menunjukan bahwa DBD terutama menyerang kelompok umur Balita sampai dengan umur sekitar 15 tahun serta tidak ditemukan perbedaan signifikan dalam hal kerentanan terhadap serangan dengue antara gender. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik Penderita demam berdarah dengue pada pasien rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar periode Januari-Desember 2010. Metode penelitian dengan pendekatan Deskriptif. Penarikan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode systematic random sampling. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 205 Responden. Kemudian data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil Penelitian ini Menunjukan bahwa Penderita demam berdarah dengue di Rumah Sakit Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar berdasarkan kelompok umur terbanyak adalah kelompok umur 19-49 tahun, jenis kelamin terbanyak adalah jenis kelamin laki-laki, jenis pekerjaan terbanyak adalah berprofesi sebagai pelajar/mahasiswa, tingkat pendidikan terbanyak adalah SMA, sedangkan waktu kejadian tertinggi penderita demam Berdarah dengue adalah pada bulan Maret. Disarankan mencegah terjadinya peningkatan kasus penderita demam berdarah dengue pada golongan umur anak-anak maupun dewasa maka perlu diadakan penyuluhan baik lingkungan keluarga maupun lingkungan sekolah/kampus mengenai upaya pencegahan penyakit demam berdarah dengue. Disamping itu juga Perlu memperkuat kegiatan-kegiatan yang mendukung kearah komunikasi, informasi, dan edukasi yang luas, jelas dan komplit tentang penyakit demam berdarah dengue sehingga masyarakat memiliki sikap positif terhadap masalah-masalah kesehatan khususnya penyakit demam berdarah dengue. Dan perlu adanya tindakan pencegahan penyakit demam berdarah dengue melalui peningkatan frekuensi penyuluhan kesehatan masyarakat mengenai 3M (menguras, menimbun, menutup) tempat-tempat yang dapat menampung air pada bulan-bulan dengan curah hujan dan tingkat kelembaban yang tinggi untuk mencegah perkembangbiakan nyamuk aedes aegypti

Reduction in jejunal fluid absorption in vivo through distension and cholinergic stimulation not attributable to enterocyte secretion

Jejunal fluid absorption in vivo was reduced by distension and by hydrostatic pressure and further declined on adding E. coli STa enterotoxin but no net fluid secretion was detected. Luminal atropine reduced pressure mediated reductions in fluid absorption to normal values but intravenous hexamethonium was without effect. A neural component to inhibition of absorption by pressure (though not stretch) may be mediated by axon reflexes within cholinergic neurons.Perfusion of cholinergic compounds also reduced net fluid absorption but did not cause secretion. In order to show that these actions were not secretory processes stimulated by cholinergic compounds that offset normal rates of absorption, these compounds were tested for their ability to cause net secretion in loops that were perfused with solutions in which choline substituted for sodium ion. In addition, these perfusates additionally contained E. coli STa enterotoxin or EIPA (ethyl-isopropyl-amiloride) to minimize absorption.In these circumstances, where it might be expected to do so if it were acting through a secretory rather than an absorptive mechanism, carbachol did not cause net fluid secretion. Cholinergic stimulation and pressure induced distension are thought to reduce net fluid absorption through inducing secretion but are found only to reduce fluid absorption.In conclusion, distension and cholinergic stimulation of the small intestine are two further circumstances in which fluid secretion is assumed to explain their action on fluid movement, as required by the enterocyte secretion model of secretion but, which like STa enterotoxin, instead are only able to reduce fluid absorption. This casts further doubt on the widespread validity of the enterocyte secretion model for fluid appearance in the lumen in diarrhoeal diseases

Morphological and biochemical variations in Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. from mountains of Pakistan

Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. (Elaeagnacea) is a native multipurpose plant from Himalayan regions of Pakistan. Its flowers and fruit are rich in vitamins, flavonoides, essential oil, lycopene and other bioactive compounds. Five populations of Elaeagnus umbellata from variable microenvironments of District Poonch were compared in terms of morphology and biochemistry using conventional and biochemical techniques. In spite of significant variability in morphological characteristics and vitamin C, seed oil and leaf chlorophyll content, Elaeagnus umbellata has great potential as a raw material for pharmaceutical industries, soil stabilization, reclamation, and for economic activities to the disadvantageous communities of the mountainous regions of Pakistan

Complete Sequences of Organelle Genomes from the Medicinal Plant Rhazya Stricta (Apocynaceae) and Contrasting Patterns of Mitochondrial Genome Evolution Across Asterids

Rhazya stricta is native to arid regions in South Asia and the Middle East and is used extensively in folk medicine to treat a wide range of diseases. In addition to generating genomic resources for this medicinally important plant, analyses of the complete plastid and mitochondrial genomes and a nuclear transcriptome from Rhazya provide insights into inter-compartmental transfers between genomes and the patterns of evolution among eight asterid mitochondrial genomes. Results: The 154,841 bp plastid genome is highly conserved with gene content and order identical to the ancestral organization of angiosperms. The 548,608 bp mitochondrial genome exhibits a number of phenomena including the presence of recombinogenic repeats that generate a multipartite organization, transferred DNA from the plastid and nuclear genomes, and bidirectional DNA transfers between the mitochondrion and the nucleus. The mitochondrial genes sdh3 and rps14 have been transferred to the nucleus and have acquired targeting presequences. In the case of rps14, two copies are present in the nucleus; only one has a mitochondrial targeting presequence and may be functional. Phylogenetic analyses of both nuclear and mitochondrial copies of rps14 across angiosperms suggests Rhazya has experienced a single transfer of this gene to the nucleus, followed by a duplication event. Furthermore, the phylogenetic distribution of gene losses and the high level of sequence divergence in targeting presequences suggest multiple, independent transfers of both sdh3 and rps14 across asterids. Comparative analyses of mitochondrial genomes of eight sequenced asterids indicates a complicated evolutionary history in this large angiosperm clade with considerable diversity in genome organization and size, repeat, gene and intron content, and amount of foreign DNA from the plastid and nuclear genomes. Conclusions: Organelle genomes of Rhazya stricta provide valuable information for improving the understanding of mitochondrial genome evolution among angiosperms. The genomic data have enabled a rigorous examination of the gene transfer events. Rhazya is unique among the eight sequenced asterids in the types of events that have shaped the evolution of its mitochondrial genome. Furthermore, the organelle genomes of R. stricta provide valuable genomic resources for utilizing this important medicinal plant in biotechnology applications.King Abdulaziz UniversityIntegrative Biolog

EML4-ALK variants: biological and molecular properties, and the implications for patients

Since the discovery of the fusion between EML4 (echinoderm microtubule associated protein-like 4) and ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase), EML4-ALK, in lung adenocarcinomas in 2007, and the subsequent identification of at least 15 different variants in lung cancers, there has been a revolution in molecular-targeted therapy that has transformed the outlook for these patients. Our recent focus has been on understanding how and why the expression of particular variants can affect biological and molecular properties of cancer cells, as well as identifying the key signalling pathways triggered, as a result. In the clinical setting, this understanding led to the discovery that the type of variant influences the response of patients to ALK therapy. Here, we discuss what we know so far about the EML4-ALK variants in molecular signalling pathways and what questions remain to be answered. In the longer term, this analysis may uncover ways to specifically treat patients for a better outcome

Equivariant Poincar\'e series of filtrations and topology

Earlier, for an action of a finite group $G$ on a germ of an analytic variety, an equivariant $G$-Poincar\'e series of a multi-index filtration in the ring of germs of functions on the variety was defined as an element of the Grothendieck ring of $G$-sets with an additional structure. We discuss to which extend the $G$-Poincar\'e series of a filtration defined by a set of curve or divisorial valuations on the ring of germs of analytic functions in two variables determines the (equivariant) topology of the curve or of the set of divisors

On q-Gaussians and Exchangeability

The q-Gaussians are discussed from the point of view of variance mixtures of normals and exchangeability. For each q< 3, there is a q-Gaussian distribution that maximizes the Tsallis entropy under suitable constraints. This paper shows that q-Gaussian random variables can be represented as variance mixtures of normals. These variance mixtures of normals are the attractors in central limit theorems for sequences of exchangeable random variables; thereby, providing a possible model that has been extensively studied in probability theory. The formulation provided has the additional advantage of yielding process versions which are naturally q-Brownian motions. Explicit mixing distributions for q-Gaussians should facilitate applications to areas such as option pricing. The model might provide insight into the study of superstatistics.Comment: 14 page

Risk Factors for Severe Renal Disease in Bardet-Biedl Syndrome

Bardet-Biedl syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive, multisystem disease characterized by retinal dystrophy, renal malformation, obesity, intellectual disability, polydactyly, and hypogonadism. Nineteen disease-causing genes (BBS1-19) have been identified, of which mutations in BBS1 are most common in North America and Europe. A hallmark of the disease, renal malformation is heterogeneous and is a cause of morbidity and mortality through the development of CKD. We studied the prevalence and severity of CKD in 350 patients with Bardet-Biedl syndrome-related renal disease attending the United Kingdom national Bardet-Biedl syndrome clinics to further elucidate the phenotype and identify risk indicators of CKD. Overall, 31% of children and 42% of adults had CKD; 6% of children and 8% of adults had stage 4-5 CKD. In children, renal disease was often detected within the first year of life. Analysis of the most commonly mutated disease-associated genes revealed that, compared with two truncating mutations, two missense mutations associated with less severe CKD in adults. Moreover, compared with mutations in BBS10, mutations in BBS1 associated with less severe CKD or lack of CKD in adults. Finally, 51% of patients with available ultrasounds had structural renal abnormalities, and 35% of adults were hypertensive. The presence of structural abnormalities or antihypertensive medication also correlated statistically with stage 3b-5 CKD. This study describes the largest reported cohort of patients with renal disease in Bardet-Biedl syndrome and identifies risk factors to be considered in genetic counseling