Sucrose Counteracts the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Fish Oil in Adipose Tissue and Increases Obesity Development in Mice

BACKGROUND: Polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are reported to protect against high fat diet-induced obesity and inflammation in adipose tissue. Here we aimed to investigate if the amount of sucrose in the background diet influences the ability of n-3 PUFAs to protect against diet-induced obesity, adipose tissue inflammation and glucose intolerance. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We fed C57BL/6J mice a protein- (casein) or sucrose-based high fat diet supplemented with fish oil or corn oil for 9 weeks. Irrespective of the fatty acid source, mice fed diets rich in sucrose became obese whereas mice fed high protein diets remained lean. Inclusion of sucrose in the diet also counteracted the well-known anti-inflammatory effect of fish oil in adipose tissue, but did not impair the ability of fish oil to prevent accumulation of fat in the liver. Calculation of HOMA-IR indicated that mice fed high levels of proteins remained insulin sensitive, whereas insulin sensitivity was reduced in the obese mice fed sucrose irrespectively of the fat source. We show that a high fat diet decreased glucose tolerance in the mice independently of both obesity and dietary levels of n-3 PUFAs and sucrose. Of note, increasing the protein∶sucrose ratio in high fat diets decreased energy efficiency irrespective of fat source. This was accompanied by increased expression of Ppargc1a (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha) and increased gluconeogenesis in the fed state. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The background diet influence the ability of n-3 PUFAs to protect against development of obesity, glucose intolerance and adipose tissue inflammation. High levels of dietary sucrose counteract the anti-inflammatory effect of fish oil in adipose tissue and increases obesity development in mice

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF STRESS GENERATED IN HIGH PRESSURE HEAT EXCHANGER

Heat Exchangers are used to transfer heat effectively from one medium to another medium. There are several aspects to study the performance of heat exchanger. This paper is concerned with thermo-mechanical issues i.e. thermal expansion due to high temperature and high pressure conditions of U-tube heat exchanger. Tubesheet is very complex part of heat exchanger which expands at high temperature. Due to high temperature difference between shell side and channel side fluids thermal stress are generated in the tubesheet which effects on the performance of the heat exchanger. 3D FEA model was modeled in ANSYS® to study the thermo-mechanical effect on heat exchanger. Mesh sensitivity analysis was performed to obtain precise results and optimum mesh size. Static structural stress analysis was performed under for two conditions, at first only mechanical loading was studied and secondly mechanical and thermal loading effects were studied. In steady state condition, tubesheet thickness was optimized using 3D parametric model in FEA. The results of the elastic stress analysis were evaluated as per ASME Section VII DIV-2 code limits. It is found that with the optimization design, the tubesheet thickness could be reduced by 20-25% without affecting the safety of the heat exchanger within the allowable limits

Tailoring of a highly stable Mn_{1−<i>x</i>−<i>y</i>}(Ce_<i>x</i>La_<i>y</i>)O_{2−<i>δ</i>} pseudocapacitor thin-film and rare earth oxide nanospheres through selective purification of rare earth oxides derived from Ni–MH batteries

High-yield fabrication of two value-added functional nanostructures including a defect-rich Mn1−x−y(CexLay)O2−δ film and rare earth oxide (REO) nanospheres via selective purification of REO isolated from end-of-life nickel–metal hydride batteries.</jats:p

Clinical profile of patients with varicose vein: a cross sectional study from Vilasrao Deshmukh Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Latur, Maharashtra

Background: Although there is considerable evidence to suggest that varicose veins are less common in developing countries like ours, the absence of adequate epidemiological data leaves the question open. The objective of the study was to assess the risk factors and clinical features of patients with varicose veins in urban patients visiting surgical OPD.Methods: The present cross-sectional observational study was carried out in 60 patients having varicose veins. Clinical features and diagnosis were assessed and analysed using SPSS software.Results: Maximum number of patients 29 (48%) presented in the 31-50 years age group. 88.3% were males and 11.7% were females. 68.3% of patient’s belong to the group whose occupation involved prolonged standing. In 18.3% of patients, both legs were involved. Involvement of great saphenous vein was seen in 51 cases i.e. 85% and in remaining 9 cases (15%), small saphenous vein was involved. In majority of our patients, Doppler study revealed incompetency of perforators i.e. 26 (43.3%) followed by sapheno-femoral as well as sapheno-femoral with popliteal in 16 each i.e. 26.7%.Conclusions: The varicose veins occur in third and fifth decades of life. The occupations involving prolonged standing and violent muscular efforts are more prone for developing varicose veins. Presence of prominent swellings in lower limb and pain were the commonest presenting symptoms. Colour doppler ultrasonography is the investigation of choice in the management of varicose veins. Combined valvular incompetence is more common.</jats:p