Eye blink detection using CNN to detect drowsiness level in drivers for road safety

Blinking is a regular bodily function and it is the semiautomatic fast closing of the eyelid. A specific blink is examined by dynamic folding of the eyelid. It is a vital function of the eye which helps in spread of tears across and eliminates irritants from the shallow of cornea. In this research work we made use of convolution neural network, the deep learning concepts and image processing to detect drowsiness level in drivers. To train the blink detection model the mobilenet V2 is used as base. The loss function used for training was RMSprop and the optimizer is binary cross entropy. The dlib facial landmark was exploited to perceive and pre-process the detected faces. The dataset used for the training model is selected from the “Xiaoyang Tan” of nanjing university of aeronautics and astronautics. Based on the experimental outcome the projected method achieves an accuracy of 97%. The prototype developed serves as a base for further development of this process to achieve better road safety

SYNTHESIS, ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTITUBERCULAR AND CHEMINFORMATIC STUDIES OF 2-(1-BENZOFURAN-2-YL)-N'-[(3Z)-2-OXO-1, 2-DIHYDRO-3H-INDOL-3-YLIDENE] QUINOLINE-4-CARBOHYDRAZIDE AND ITS DERIVATIVES

Objective: Synthesis of novel 2-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-N'-[(3Z)-2-oxo-1, 2-dihydro-3H-indol-3-ylidene] quinoline-4-carbohydrazide and its derivatives for antimicrobial and antitubercular activity.Methods: Synthesis was carried out using the general method and the structures were confirmed by IR, 1H-NMR, [13]C-NMR and mass spectral analysis. The antibacterial activity was carried by agar well diffusion method, antifungal activity was performed by poison food technique and antitubercular activity was carried out by Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA) method with the help of H37Rv. In silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity (ADMET) study of the drug, likeliness was carried out in ACD/lab-2.Results: The results revealed that at 25 mg/ml concentration, compounds 3a and 5a showed good antibacterial activity at 3.5±0.1, 3.8±0.3, 3.6±0.2 respectively against E. coli, K. pneumonia and S. typhimurium, when compared with drug streptomycin with similar concentration. The percentage of inhibition found at 50 µg/ml concentration, compounds 2b and 6a exhibited good antifungal activity at 53±1.15, 57±1.52 against A. flavus and C. neoformans, compared with standard drug fluconazole. The increase in activity was found to be dose dependent. The analogue 2a showed good antitubercular activity at 12.5±0.5 µg/ml, compounds 2b, 3a, 4a-b, 5a-b and 6a-b exhibited significant activity at 25±0.57 µg/ml and compound 3b showed moderate activity at 50±0.57 µg/ml. The mean value of P<0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity studies of the entitled molecules were analyzed and found to be in acceptable range.Conclusion: The study reveals that compounds containing benzofuran coupled nitrogen heterocycles are essential for activity as they possess excellent drug-like characteristics, suggesting to be potentially best inhibitor of H37Rv strain. The in silico ADME analysis also revealed that all the compounds were in acceptable range to obey the pharmacokinetic parameters

Lateral Periodontal Cysts: A Retrospective Study of 7 Cases

Aim- The study aimed to outline the clinical, radiographic, and histopathological attributes of lateral periodontal cysts in patient cases.   Materials and methods- An observational retrospective study was conducted on 7 lateral periodontal cyst cases, all diagnosed after comprehensive clinical, radiological, and subsequent histological examinations. Results- Patients averaged 35 years in age, with a slight male predominance. The average lesion size was 1.5 cm. A solitary case of relapse was noted 4 years post-initial lesion removal. Surgical removal was the chosen treatment for all cysts. Conclusion- Lateral periodontal cysts are rare occurrences marked by the maintenance of vitality in neighbouring teeth. While initial identification relies on clinical observations, a histological examination is essential for definitive diagnosis confirmation. &nbsp

Prevalence of Dental Caries, Edentulism, Class 2 Malocclusion, Pulp Stones and Cysts in a Known Population.

Background: This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of dental caries, edentulism, class 2 malocclusion, pulp stones and cysts in a known population. Material and methods: This study comprised of 100 participants in which oral clinical examination had been conducted. The prevalence of dental caries, edentulism, class II malocclusion, pulp stones and cysts had been assessed in these subjects. The participants had been explained about the procedure and were asked to give consent. the subjects who were willing to give consent had been included in the study, while others had been excluded from the study. Statistical analysis had been conducted using SPSS software. Results: In this study, there were 100 subjects of which, 64 were female and 36 were male. Dental caries was present in 30 subjects out of 100. Hence the prevalence of dental caries was 30%. The prevalence of edentulism was 45%. Among 10 cases, complete edentulism was observed and in 35 cases, partial edentulism was observed. The prevalence of class 2 malocclusion was 11%. The prevalence of pulp stones was 9%. The prevalence of cysts was 5%. There were 3 true pulp stones, 2 false pulp stones, 2 free pulp stones, 1 attached and 1 embedded pulp stone. Conclusion: The prevalence of edentulism was the highest in this study, followed by dental caries, pulp stones and cysts

ANTIPROLIFERATIVE, ADME AND POTENTIAL IN SILICO G6PDH INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF NOVEL 2-(1-BENZOFURAN-2-YL)-4-(5-PHENYL-4H-1, 2, 4-TRIAZOL-3-YL) QUINOLINE DERIVATIVES

Objectives: Synthesis of new 2-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-4-(5-phenyl-4H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl) quinoline and its derivatives for antiproliferative potential against cancer cells.Methods: The general methods were employed for the synthesis and the structures were confirmed by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectral analysis. The antiproliferative activity was performed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and molecular docking study were performed by Auto Dock Tools. In silico Absorption-Distribution-Metabolism-Excretion-Toxicity (ADMET) study for the drug, likeliness was carried out on ACD/lab-2.Results: The compound 3l showed 44, 44, 38 and 37 % inhibition against MCF-7, HepG2, Colo205 and HeLa cell lines, respectively; whereas, the compounds 3i and 3j exhibited 49 and 42 % inhibition against MCF-7 cell line. The molecular docking study revealed that the compound 3i has the lowest binding energy (-8.60 Kcal mol-1), suggesting to be potentially best inhibitor of Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH). The in silico ADME analysis also revealed that compound 3i does not violate any of the Lipinski rules of five and has the best stimulative human colonic absorption up to 95 %.Conclusion: The study reveals that the compounds containing benzofuran coupled nitrogen heterocycles are essential for activity as they possess excellent drug-like characteristics.Â

A study of assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of antibiotic stewardship among healthcare providers in a tertiary care hospital of Sangli

Background: Antimicrobials are routinely used for variety of clinical conditions but are also misused leading to drug resistance bacteria in clinical practice. Consultants can gain the knowledge about it and can also have the depth of problem faced, their prescribing behavior mainly depends on their attitude and understanding of condition. Our aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge and beliefs about antibiotics prescribing among health care workers in a tertiary care hospital of Sangli. Methods: Our present study was conducted in the Bharati hospital, BV (DU) medical college and hospital, Sangli. Ethical clearance from the institutional ethics committee was obtained and it was, cross-sectional questionnaire-based study carried out in the form of a survey in which a pretested, semi-structured, validated questionnaire was provided to junior residents, senior residents and faculty of different specialties and responses were recorded. Questionnaire comprises of 9 in knowledge, 10 in attitude and 10 in practice section. Results: Out of all participants 84.5% believed that no need of antibiotics for running and blocked nose. Majority 89.6% were expressed that sample culture should be sent before starting antibiotics. 90.4% participants believed that education of patients will help. Only 76.8% strictly adhere to the antibiotic policy of our hospital. Conclusions: The present study on antibiotic usage gives useful information about the knowledge, attitudes and practices of prescribers and help plan suitable educational modifications that aim at improving the antimicrobial prescribing and minimizing the development of drug resistance in our developing country

ANALYSIS AND STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION OF 5 TON H-FRAME HYDRAULIC PRESS

Abstract Using the optimum resources possible in designing the hydraulic presses frame can effect reduction in the cost of the hydraulic presses. By optimizing the weight of material utilized for building the structure. An attempt has been made in this direction to reduce the volume of material. So here we consider an industrial application project consisting of mass minimization of H-frame type hydraulic press. This press has to compensate the forces acting on the working plates and has to fulfill certain critical constraints. ANSYS has been used for this analysis the main aim is to reduce the cost of the Hydraulic presses without compromising on the quality of the output. With regarding to design specification, stress distribution, deflection, and cost, are focused on optimized design. The methodology followed in this work is comparison of stresses induced in machine for different thickness used for construction of frame and column of the Hframe type hydraulic press.

Ecosystem Services of Riverine Wetlands with Special Reference to the Upper Brahmaputra Basin

Floodplain wetlands in the Upper Brahmaputra basin (UBB), locally known as beel are biologically rich and highly productive ecosystems that support myriads of aquatic flora and fauna. Covering an area of about 0.1 million ha, the wetlands of the area are five major types (a) oxbow lakes, (b) tectonic lakes, (c) man-made tanks, (d) low-lying paddy fields, and (e) seasonal pools. In addition to flood-plain lakes, there are man-made tanks that have tremendous ecological and economic importance. High fishing pressure and climatic variability of the region have experienced a significant reduction in the wetland bio-resources. Deforestation in the catchments, construction of roads and embankments and blockage of feeder channels of floodplain lakes also contributed to the reduction of habitat complexity. Rapid urbanisation and industrialisation led to the crumbling of water quality and shrinking of biodiversity by abuse and contamination of freshwater resources. Further, improper disposal of solid waste and non-biodegradable materials and contamination of natural water bodies by agricultural pesticides, injudicious mining from river-bed have also complicated aquatic life. The present study reviews the status of the floodplain wetlands in the Upper Brahmaputra basin, their bio-resources as well as economic and ecological services rendered by them. It also synthesises the updated knowledge and analyses the challenging issues of wetland management in the context of changing temperature and rainfall patterns