Water Extract of Juglans Regia L. And Diabetes Mellitus in Iranian Traditional Medicine

<p><strong><em>Background and Objectives: </em></strong>There are many reports about the glucose lowering effects of medicinal plants in animal models. There are a some reports in Iranian traditional medicine about glucose lowering effect of septum water extract of Juglans Regia L. In the present study, effect of aqueous extract of the septum of Juglans Regia L. on plasma glucose is assessed. <strong><em></em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong>After preparing the water extract of Juglans Regia L. and concentrating of it the lyophilized extract, was tested in diabetic (ip injection of streptozocin) and normal rats. Comparison between groups was made by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the differences between the means assessed using student’s t test. <strong><em></em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Results</em></strong>: In an oral glucose tolerance test (OGGT), a single oral administration of the water extract at doses of 50, 250 and 750 mg/kg body weight didn’t lowered the plasma glucose level in the normal rats. Although that insulin administration (5IU/kg) caused a reduction of serum glucose(P<0.001), none of the extract doses (1000, 750, 500, 250mg/Kg) could cause a significant reduction in such level (P>0.005). <strong><em></em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Conclusion</em></strong><strong><em>: </em></strong>These results demonstrated that the water extract of the septum of Juglans regia's fruit didn’t have a significant hypoglycemic effect in rats.</p&gt

Mechanism of the Interaction of Cannabinoid System in Central Amygdale with Opioid System

<p dir="rtl"><strong>Background and objectives</strong></p><p dir="rtl">Cannabinoids which are active compounds of marijuana show some pharmacological effects similar to the opioids. There are also functional interactions between both cannabinoid and opioid systems. In this study we investigated the role of cannabinoid receptors in central amygdala and its interaction with opioid system.</p><p dir="rtl">                                                                                                                         </p><p><strong>Methods</strong></p><p>In the present study, we investigated the effects of intraperitoneal injection of opioid drugs on response-induced by intra-amygdala (intra-Amyg) microinjection of cannabinoid agents in rats, using elevated plus-maze test of anxiety.</p><p dir="rtl"> </p><p><strong>Results</strong></p><p>Intraperitoneal injection of morphine (3, 6 and 9 mg/kg) increased %OAT and %OAE, but not locomotor activity, showing an anxiolytic response. However, some doses of the opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone reduced %OAT and locomotor activity as well. Intra-Amyg administration of CB1 cannabinoid receptor agonist, ACPA (at the dose of 1.25 and 5 ng/rat) increased %OAT and %OAE but not locomotor activity, thus showing an anxiolytic response, which was increased by morphine (6 mg/kg, i.p.) without any interaction. Naloxone also reduced ACPA effects.  </p><p>Intra-Amyg administration of CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist, AM251 (2.5, 25 and 100 ng/rat) did not alter %OAT and %OAE but higher doses of drug (25 and 100 ng/rat) reduced locomotor activity. However, the drug in combination of morphine anxiolytic response and with naloxone decreased anxiety.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong></p><p dir="rtl">The results may indicate an anxiolytic for CB1 cannabinoid. Our results also showed that opioid system may have interaction with cannabinoid receptor in the amygdale.</p><p dir="rtl"> </p&gt

Mechanism of the Interaction of Cannabinoid System in Central Amygdale with Opioid System

Background and objectivesCannabinoids which are active compounds of marijuana show some pharmacological effects similar to the opioids. There are also functional interactions between both cannabinoid and opioid systems. In this study we investigated the role of cannabinoid receptors in central amygdala and its interaction with opioid system.MethodsIn the present study, we investigated the effects of intraperitoneal injection of opioid drugs on response-induced by intra-amygdala (intra-Amyg) microinjection of cannabinoid agents in rats, using elevated plus-maze test of anxiety. ResultsIntraperitoneal injection of morphine (3, 6 and 9 mg/kg) increased %OAT and %OAE, but not locomotor activity, showing an anxiolytic response. However, some doses of the opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone reduced %OAT and locomotor activity as well. Intra-Amyg administration of CB1 cannabinoid receptor agonist, ACPA (at the dose of 1.25 and 5 ng/rat) increased %OAT and %OAE but not locomotor activity, thus showing an anxiolytic response, which was increased by morphine (6 mg/kg, i.p.) without any interaction. Naloxone also reduced ACPA effects. Intra-Amyg administration of CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist, AM251 (2.5, 25 and 100 ng/rat) did not alter %OAT and %OAE but higher doses of drug (25 and 100 ng/rat) reduced locomotor activity. However, the drug in combination of morphine anxiolytic response and with naloxone decreased anxiety.ConclusionThe results may indicate an anxiolytic for CB1 cannabinoid. Our results also showed that opioid system may have interaction with cannabinoid receptor in the amygdale. Keywords: Cannabinoids, Morphine; Naloxone, Anxiety, Elevated Plus-Maz

Assessment of the relationship of vitamin D with serum antioxidant vitamins E and A and their deficiencies in Iranian pregnant women

Subspecialities Polyclinic, ailiated to Kashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan, Iran between April 2008 and August 2009. One hundred and forty-seven pregnant women were recruited. Vitamin D, A, and E status were assessed using serum at 5-9 months of pregnancy. he prevalence of vitamin deiciency was reported using deined cutof values. Correlations between vitamin D and vitamins A and E were reported. Data were compared using the analysis of variance and coeicient correlation linear Pearson's. he relative diference between the groups were considered statistically signiicant (p<0.05). Results: Serum concentrations of vitamin D were 7.2± 2.31, 17.72 ± 5 and 33.05 ± 0.94 μg/ml, for vitamin E 2.15 ± 1.3 and 8.07± 2.3 μg/ml, and for vitamin A 0.16± 0.05 and 0.46±0.13. We used the deined cutof values in determining vitamins D, A, and E deiciency. he prevalence of vitamin D deiciency was 95.8, vitamin A was 7, and vitamin E was 58.6. he correlation coeicient between serum vitamin D and vitamin E shows an inverse relationship (r=0.24, p=0.004). Conclusions: Extent vitamins D, A, and E deiciency among pregnant women is a major public health problem in Kashan, Iran

Water Extract of Juglans Regia L. And Diabetes Mellitus in Iranian Traditional Medicine

AbstractBackground and Objectives: There are many reports about the glucose lowering effects of medicinal plants in animal models. There are a some reports in Iranian traditional medicine about glucose lowering effect of septum water extract of Juglans Regia L. In the present study, effect of aqueous extract of the septum of Juglans Regia L. on plasma glucose is assessed. Methods: After preparing the water extract of Juglans Regia L. and concentrating of it the lyophilized extract, was tested in diabetic (ip injection of streptozocin) and normal rats. Comparison between groups was made by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the differences between the means assessed using student’s t test. Results: In an oral glucose tolerance test (OGGT), a single oral administration of the water extract at doses of 50, 250 and 750 mg/kg body weight didn’t lowered the plasma glucose level in the normal rats. Although that insulin administration (5IU/kg) caused a reduction of serum glucose(P0.005). Conclusion: These results demonstrated that the water extract of the septum of Juglans regia's fruit didn’t have a significant hypoglycemic effect in rats.Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus; Juglans Regia L.; Rat