Combined effect of biopriming and polymer coating on chemical constituents of root exudation in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) cv. K 2 seedlings

A study was carried out to analyze the different volatile compounds in bioprimed chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings of 15 and 30 day old. A common compound found in two stages of chilli seedlings was hydroxylamine, dimethoxydimethyl silane, hexadecanoic acid, 15-methyl- methyl ester. Majority of the compounds in bacterized seedlings had antimicrobial activity. The results on GCMS analysis revealed that, root exudates collected from 15 and 30 days old bacterized seedlings with B. amyloliquefaciens VB7 and polymer coating released more number of volatile compounds (65 and 20 compounds respectively) than control (5 and 15 compounds respectively). The root exudates of 15 day old seedling released more volatile compounds (65 nos) than 30 days (20 nos) old seedling

K-matrices for non-abelian quantum Hall states

Two fundamental aspects of so-called non-abelian quantum Hall states (the q-pfaffian states and more general) are a (generalized) pairing of the participating electrons and the non-abelian statistics of the quasi-hole excitations. In this paper, we show that these two aspects are linked by a duality relation, which can be made manifest by considering the K-matrices that describe the exclusion statistics of the fundamental excitations in these systems.Comment: LaTeX, 12 page

Optimal placement of Femto base stations in enterprise femtocell networks

Femto cells a.k.a. Low Power Nodes (LPNs) are deployed to improve indoor data rates as well as reduce traffic load on macro Base Stations (BSs) in 4G/LTE cellular networks. Indoor UEs getting high SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) can experience good throughput, but SNR decreases at faster rate due to obstacles, present along the communication path. Hence, efficient placement of Femtos in enterprise buildings is crucial to attain desirable SNR for indoor users. We consider obstacles and shadowing effects by walls and include them in the system model. We develop a Linear Programming Problem (LPP) model by converting convex constraints into linear ones and solve it using GAMS tool, to place Femtos optimally inside the building. Our extensive experimentation proves the optimal placement of Femtos achieves 14.41% and 35.95% increase in SNR of indoor UEs over random and center placement strategies, respectively

Customs of Rajus’ Community

The Rajus’ community migrated from Andhra Pradesh to South Tamilnadu and settled there permanently in the black soiled region before 600 years ago due to regimental changes. They engaged themselves in Agro-based occupation after their displacement. As they concentrated more on the clothing business, harvesting cotton had become their field of interest, and thus they adapted their lifestyle on the land of black soil.variety  of  rituals are followed by various communities globally. Accordingly, the communit people of the  Rajus'  follows several rituals from their birth to death. As part of their ritual, all the things invariably used on the occasions of ceremonies and their fixed lifestyle represent some hidden scientific facts. Those are researched and interpreted to prove the significance of rituals in human life which is strongly connected with nature. This research paper lays emphasis on the main aim of the customs and rituals of the humans. They are connected with the formidable factors strengthening the physical energy. Paying attention to the ancient rituals and customs are sadly on the decrease in the contemporary period. The evidence of diminished rituals can be seen in temples and their way of celebrating festivals. The purpose of the research is to manifest the necessity of restoring the significance of rituals framed scientifically by our ancestors. This research will positively help to discern the hidden scientific facts in the rituals for close and prompt follow up of the same

Association Between Residential Greenness and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Background Exposure to green vegetation has been linked to positive health, but the pathophysiological processes affected by exposure to vegetation remain unclear. To study the relationship between greenness and cardiovascular disease, we examined the association between residential greenness and biomarkers of cardiovascular injury and disease risk in susceptible individuals. Methods and Results In this cross-sectional study of 408 individuals recruited from a preventive cardiology clinic, we measured biomarkers of cardiovascular injury and risk in participant blood and urine. We estimated greenness from satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index ( NDVI ) in zones with radii of 250 m and 1 km surrounding the participants' residences. We used generalized estimating equations to examine associations between greenness and cardiovascular disease biomarkers. We adjusted for residential clustering, demographic, clinical, and environmental variables. In fully adjusted models, contemporaneous NDVI within 250 m of participant residence was inversely associated with urinary levels of epinephrine (-6.9%; 95% confidence interval, -11.5, -2.0/0.1 NDVI ) and F2-isoprostane (-9.0%; 95% confidence interval, -15.1, -2.5/0.1 NDVI ). We found stronger associations between NDVI and urinary epinephrine in women, those not on β-blockers, and those who had not previously experienced a myocardial infarction. Of the 15 subtypes of circulating angiogenic cells examined, 11 were inversely associated (8.0-15.6% decrease/0.1 NDVI ), whereas 2 were positively associated (37.6-45.8% increase/0.1 NDVI ) with contemporaneous NDVI . Conclusions Independent of age, sex, race, smoking status, neighborhood deprivation, statin use, and roadway exposure, residential greenness is associated with lower levels of sympathetic activation, reduced oxidative stress, and higher angiogenic capacity

A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding Infection Control Measures among Staff Nurses in Annammal Hospital at Kanyakumari District

INTRODUCTION: Good health depends in part on a safe environment. Practices or techniques that control or prevent transmission of infection and protect clients and health care workers from disease. Clients in all health care settings are at risk for acquiring infections because of lower resistance to infectious microorganisms, increased exposure to numbers of disease causing microorganisms and invasive procedures. By practicing infection prevention and control techniques, the nurse can avoid spreading microorganisms to clients. Infection is defined as the invasion and multiplication of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites that are not normally present within the body. An infection may remain in local area is called localized infection, and infection that spread through the blood or body is called systemic infection. The term "nosocomial" comes from two Greek words: "nosus" meaning "disease" + "komeion" meaning "to take care of." Hence, "nosocomial" should apply to any disease contracted by a patient while under medical care. Nosocomial infections are infections that have been caught in a hospital and are potentially caused by organisms that are resistant to antibiotics. A nosocomial infection is specifically one that was not present or incubating prior to the patient's being admitted to the hospital, but occurring within 48 hours after admittance to the hospital. Nosocomial infections, also known as health care-associated infections, are those that an individual develops as a result of being hospitalized. Common hospital infections include those of the urinary tract, the bloodstream, and the respiratory system. Simonetti A et.al (2003) conducted a study on a prospective cohort study on intensive care acquired infection. The study was conducted with 335 patients, 80 developed ICU acquired infection. The study findings concluded that among the patients with ICU acquired infections hospital mortality was higher percentage, regardless of whether or not the patients had infection on admission. Maria Pavia et.al (2000) conducted a study on the prevalence of hospital acquire infection in Calabria (Italy).The aim of the study was to assess the effect of different variables on hospital acquired infection in 888 patient present in a ward for at least 24 hours and not due for discharge or transfer on the day of the survey. The overall prevalence of hospital acquired infection was 1•7% and urinary tract and surgical wounds were the most frequent sites (each four patients, 26•7%). In only eight (53•3%) of the fifteen hospital acquired infection detected, had a microbiological examination been requested and the only two positive culture results involved Pseudomonas aeruginosa (surgical site) and Escherichia coli (urinary tract). STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: “A study to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge, attitude and practice regarding infection control measures among staff nurses in Annammal Hospital at Kanyakumari District”. OBJECTIVES: 1. To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching program regarding infection control measures by comparing pretest and posttest level of knowledge, attitude and practice of staff nurse. 2. To associate the posttest level of knowledge, attitude and practice on infection control measures among staff nurses with selected demographic variable. HYPOTHESES: H1-There will be a significant difference between pretest and posttest level of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding infection control measures among staff nurses. H2-.There will be a significant association between posttest level of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding infection control measures and the selected demographic variables. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: The study was conducted by checking knowledge, attitude and practice regarding infection control measures among 30 staff nurses. The questionnaire, attitude, statement by 3 point likert scale and the check list were used to obtain necessary data, structured teaching programme was given the next day of pretest and posttest was administered after 7days of structured teaching programme, the same questionnaire was used to collect the post test data. DATA ANALYSIS: Paired ‘t’ test was used to compare the pretest and posttest level of knowledge attitude and practice among staff nurses, Karl persons correlation coefficient test was used to find out the relationship between the post test level of knowledge, attitude and practice towards infection control. FINDINGS OF THE STUDY: 1. Effectiveness of structured teaching program of knowledge, attitude and practice of staff nurses regarding infection control measures by comparing pretest and posttest level. Regarding the effectiveness, the posttest mean and standard deviation was greater than pretest mean and standard deviation for knowledge, attitude and practice. The p value is 0.001 which is highly significant. Hence, the H1 is accepted. 2. Relationship between post test level of knowledge, attitude and practice on infection control measure among staff nurses with socio demographic variables The data pertaining to association shows there is no association between level of knowledge with socio demographic variables but there is as association with level of attitude and practice with socio demographic variables. Hence, H2 was accepted. RESULT AND SUMMARY: The study concluded to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching program regarding infection control measures among staff nurses. The objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness by comparing pretest and posttest level of knowledge, attitude and practice, to associate the post test level of knowledge, attitude and practice on infection control measures among staff nurses with selected socio demographic variables. Convenient sampling technique was used to draw 30 samples from the study population. Structured knowledge questionnaire, attitude scale, observational checklist was used to evaluate the pre test, and structured teaching was given and post test was done to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice. After analysis and interpretation it was inferred, that structured teaching is effective. CONCLUSION: The study findings, revealed that the structured teaching programme helps to improve knowledge attitude and practice of staff nurses regarding infection control measures and the study reveals, that there is relationship between posttest level of attitude and practice, except level of knowledge